The reliability and availability evaluation of repairable district heating networks under changeable external conditions

Shan, Xiaofang; Wang, Peng; Lu, Wangtao

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.081

Cited by 63 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Several researchers [24][25][26] have focused on active monitoring to facilitate the operation of conventional DH systems and to manipulate heat load and delivery. Heat delivery is highly dependent on interruption [27,28]. For this purpose, concrete anchors should be used instead of steel ones to increase the rigidity of a DH network [29].…”

Section: Features Related To the 2gdh In Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Чичерин

Mašatin²,

Siirde

et al. 2020

Energies

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The goal of this paper was to evaluate heat loss and the demand of district heating (DH) in the context of the fourth generation DH concept using a data-driven approach. The heat loss profile was calculated with GIS Zulu© (software (8.0.0.7539, Politerm, LLC, St.Petersburg, Russia) using eight various states of insulation, detailed information on thermal conductivity, internal heat transfer coefficient, and geometry of the concrete trench. There is a strong correlation between the heat sold and the average annual outdoor temperatures. The outstanding episodes are extremely rare, and the difference in the overall pattern is elusive. The results of the annual heat production and annual heat loss analyses were compared using three different estimation methods. The new method was the only one that showed a positive effect after the complete modernization of thermal insulation. The actual proportion of heat loss is much higher at 16%, while the actual heat delivery is less than anticipated at 85–86% only. The trend of the normative approach is correct but cannot determine changes in network heat loss due to aging. The method focuses on the effects of the state of insulation and actual supply temperature levels. The transition to smart energy systems includes strategic and progressive energy planning, as well as new pricing rules and tariffs. Thus, the method presented is the first step in the transition towards the fourth generation DH networks.

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Section: Features Related To the 2gdh In Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Чичерин

Mašatin²,

Siirde

et al. 2020

Energies

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“…Badami et al [24] also introduce objective function of an optimisation modelling approach for the planning of a DH network in terms of reliability. Because quantitative and accurate reliability evaluation of heating networks could not only determine weak sections of networks, but provide critical guidance for maintenance and optimization of the network in the design and operation phases [25]. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing the supply temperature at the district heating plant – dynamic optimization

2019

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The constraint contains two elements, namely the heat losses and the electricity consumption for pumping at the producer. The aim was to achieve the lowest acceptable costs in an operation. The options with the supply temperature at the area starting point set to 80/60, then 60/40, and eventually 50/30 (low temperature, 4th generation district heating) were tested. The balance between the savings due to lower heat losses and the electricity consumption of pumps could be performed to assess the economic viability of the solution. This means that if the electricity price is sufficiently high, the model will always choose to minimize electricity consumption and thereby, maximise the profit from high temperature difference. Results concerning heat losses consider both experiences of proper insulation of pipes with variety of design outdoor temperatures (DOTs) and long term measurements from a pump station for district heating (DH) network in Canberra, Australia. We also noted that the heat energy tariffs and purchase price of electricity affect a lot optimal configuration of a DH system. For the best scenario, solutions are obtained that reach over 12% of the available saving potential after calculating 11 equations. Knowing that the policy is updated on a case study base, this is considered a promising result.

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“…A spatial model with multiple energy supply and end-use technologies in UK was developed aiming at identifying a low-carbon transition pathway [3]. Shan et al [4] assessed the reliability of a heating system by developing a heating distribution network model. Geothermal energy resource, georeferenced data of buildings and road networks were integrated into a district heating model, and optimal infrastructure construction plan was obtained by minimizing the construction cost [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling and optimization of a natural gas supply system at a transient stage: a case study of China

Liu

2019

BMC Energy

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The global energy structure is on a low-carbon transition path featuring more natural gas consumption, and global natural gas demand has been increasing fast. Planning and operation of a natural gas supply system at a transient stage with multiple supply sources, end-consumers, and large infrastructure with multiple subsystems are challenging tasks. Spatial and seasonal mismatch of natural gas supply and demand makes the natural gas distribution and infrastructure construction planning problem even more complex. Without proper planning, insufficient construction could lead to a shortage of natural gas supply, whilst excessive construction could lead to a higher cost. Quantitative analysis technologies are needed to facilitate decision-making during the transient stage of a natural gas system. In this work, we propose a monthly-scale multi-period and multi-regional modelling and optimization framework for planning and operation of a natural gas supply system at a transient stage, with a case study of the natural gas supply system in China. The optimal planning and operation strategy of the natural gas supply system in China by 2050 is obtained by minimizing the lifespan overall cost. Gaps between actual planning and the optimal planning are pointed out. Finally, policy suggestions are summarized, including establishing market-oriented pricing mechanisms, managing infrastructure centrally, promoting coordination amongst provinces when formulating projections, accelerating current infrastructure construction, and predicting natural gas demand and prices reasonably.

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The reliability and availability evaluation of repairable district heating networks under changeable external conditions

Cited by 63 publications

References 16 publications

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Method for Assessing Heat Loss in A District Heating Network with A Focus on the State of Insulation and Actual Demand for Useful Energy

Minimizing the supply temperature at the district heating plant – dynamic optimization

Modelling and optimization of a natural gas supply system at a transient stage: a case study of China

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