The reliability and quality of cognitive case formulation

Kuyken, Willem; Fothergill, Claire D.; Musa, Meyrem; Chadwick, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.08.007

Cited by 138 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Case conceptualization is a key element in cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and may be defined as a description of a patient's presenting problems that uses theory to make explanatory inferences about causes and maintaining factors, as well as to inform interventions (Kuyken et al, 2005). However, sharing its components with patients may be a complex and difficult task.…”

Section: Case Conceptualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing and Restructuring Dysfunctional Cognitions

Oliveira¹

2012

Standard and Innovative Strategies in Cognitive Behavior Therapy

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Section: Case Conceptualizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing and Restructuring Dysfunctional Cognitions

Oliveira¹

2012

Standard and Innovative Strategies in Cognitive Behavior Therapy

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“…These results are in line with results from a study by Müller (2011) on graphical representations of psychologists' case formulations showing that psychologists consider multiple, interrelated causes to explain a disorder. Furthermore, Kuyken et al (2005) found that reliability of diagnostic formulations decreased when more theory-driven inferences were made. Variations in judgments about treatment of depression have been found in medical decision making as well (Smith, Gilhooly, & Walker, 2002).…”

Section: Interpersonal Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychologists’ Diagnostic Processes during a Diagnostic Interview

Groenier¹,

Beerthuis²,

Pieters³

et al. 2011

PSYCH

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In mental health care, psychologists assess clients' complaints, analyze underlying problems, and identify causes for these problems, to make treatment decisions. We present a study on psychologists' diagnostic processes, in which a mixed-method approach was employed. We aimed to identify a common structure in the diagnostic processes of different psychologists. We engaged an actor to simulate a client. Participants were asked to perform a diagnostic interview with this "client". This interview was videotaped. Afterwards participants first wrote a report and then were asked to review their considerations during the interview. We found that psychologists were comprehensive in their diagnostic interviews. They addressed the client's complaints, possible classifications, explanations, and treatments. They agreed about the classifications, more than about causal factors and treatment options. The content of the considerations differed between the interviews and the reports written afterwards. We conclude that psychologists continuously shifted between diagnostic activities and revised their decisions in line with the dynamics of the interview situation. Keywords: Clinical Decision Making, Diagnostic Interview, Stimulated Recall, Simulated Patient IntroductionPsychological assessment is a diagnostic decision making process aimed at describing, classifying, explaining, predicting, and often also changing the behavior of a client (Fernández-Ballesteros, 1999). The result of the diagnostic process is an integrated representation of a client's complaints and problems together with an explanation for the problems and a treatment proposal (Nelson-Gray, 2003). Guidelines have been developed to support psychologists in structured gathering and interpreting diagnostic information (see e.g. Groth-Marnat, 2003;Nezu & Nezu, 1995) to make sure that a thorough assessment is carried out and correct diagnostic decisions are made to reach the most adequate treatment proposal. Unfortunately, as Garb (1998) concluded, reliability and validity of these diagnostic decisions are low, although the final treatment proposals are often adequate. An explanation is provided in studies showing that psychologists do not always carry out all parts of the diagnostic process appropriately, even when explicitly asked to do so (Eells, Kendjelic, & Lucas, 1998;Groenier, Pieters, Hulshof, Wilhelm, & Witteman, 2008). In most of these studies assessment situations were artificial, and it remains unclear whether psychologists in actual practice would perform and report all parts of the diagnostic process. The current study is aimed at identifying common structures in psychologists' diagnostic information gathering processes in an authentic assessment situation.The diagnostic process involves using different instruments, such as tests, interviews, and observations, as well as performing different diagnostic activities, such as diagnostic classification and diagnostic formulation (Fernández-Ballesteros et al., 2001). Diagnostic classification and diagnostic ...

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“…A case formulation "… aims to describe a person's presenting problems and to use theory to make explanatory inferences about causes and maintaining factors that can inform interventions" (Kuyken et al, 2005). It is a useful tool to organize complex and at times contradictory information from a client.…”

Section: Case Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research showed that following a structured method for classification, such as structured interviews based on DSM-IV or ICD-10, does lead to improved classification decisions (Sartorius et al, 1993;see Garb, 2004, for a review). Therefore, a structured and thorough diagnostic process which includes both classification and case formulation could result in improved treatment decisions, especially for complex cases (Haynes & Williams, 2003;Kuyken et al, 2005) or when psychologists need to decide between multiple evidence based treatments (NelsonGray, 2003).…”

Section: Case Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Case formulation consists of a causal explanation, relating the client's problems to factors that cause and sustain them, while taking the unique situation and characteristics of the client into account (Haynes & Williams, 2003;Kuyken, Fothergill, Musa, & Chadwick, 2005). A case formulation "… aims to describe a person's presenting problems and to use theory to make explanatory inferences about causes and maintaining factors that can inform interventions" (Kuyken et al, 2005).…”

Section: Case Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The decisive moment : makiing diagnostic decisions and designing treatments

Groenier¹

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The reliability and quality of cognitive case formulation

Cited by 138 publications

References 27 publications

Assessing and Restructuring Dysfunctional Cognitions

Assessing and Restructuring Dysfunctional Cognitions

Psychologists’ Diagnostic Processes during a Diagnostic Interview

The decisive moment : makiing diagnostic decisions and designing treatments

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