The reliability and validity of a Chinese-version Short Health Anxiety Inventory: an investigation of university students

Abstract

BackgroundThe Short Health Anxiety Inventory (SHAI) is widely used in English-speaking populations, with good reliability and validity. For further research needs in the Chinese population, it was translated into a Chinese version (CSHAI). Furthermore, the reliability, validity, and cutoff score were examined in a nonclinical population in the People’s Republic of China.MethodsThree hundred and sixteen undergraduates were evaluated by a set of questionnaires including CSHAI, Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Fifty-eight students completed CSHAI again after 30 days.ResultsThe two-factor model had satisfactory fit indices. The correlation coefficients between each item with the CSHAI total and each subscale were between 0.386 and 0.779. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of CSHAI total and its subscales were 0.742, 0.743, and 0.788, respectively, and the split-half coefficients were 0.757, 0.788, and 0.912. The test–retest correlation coefficients were, respectively, 0.598 (P<0.001), 0.539 (P<0.001), and 0.691 (P<0.001). Convergent validities were respectively 0.389–0.453, 0.389–0.410, and 0.250–0.401, and discriminant validities were −5.689 (P<0.001), −5.614 (P<0.001), and −3.709 (P<0.001). The cutoff score was 15.ConclusionCSHAI showed good factor structure, reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity, and 15 was determined to be the appropriate cutoff score for screening health anxiety.

The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Metacognitions about Health Questionnaire in college students

“…The SHAI showed good psychometric propertied in Chinese population. The Cronbach's alpha of its total and subscales were 0,742 (total), 0.743 (IL) and 0.788 (NC) [28]. In this study, the Cronbach's alphas of SHAI total and its subscales were 0.805 (total), 0.788(IL), 0.664(NC).…”

Evaluation of the Factor Structure and Content Specificity of the Interpretation Bias Task (IBT)

“…Health Anxiety The Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI) short version was used to measure participants' perceptions regarding the likelihood and feared negative consequences of becoming ill (Salkovskis et al 2002). This measure has previously been translated into Chinese (Zhang et al 2015). The HAI comprises 18 items regarding the frequency that respondents worry about health, each consisting of four statements that range from 0 to 3 (0 = never; 3 = always; Zhang et al 2015).…”

The Development of a Brief Distress Reduction Intervention for Individuals Recently Diagnosed With HIV in China

“…The measure has cognitive, autonomic, motor and central nervous system symptoms. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version have been established by many studies (e.g., Liu, Oda, Peng, & Asai, 1997; Zhang et al, 2015). Cronbach’s α in our sample for the SAS was 0.815.…”

“…Among HIV-positive former plasma/ blood donors, Meade et al (2010) reported 47% moderate and 36% severe depression, while Wang et al (2005) found that 92% of their rural sample were depressed (both studies used the Chinese version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI; Beck, Steer, & Garbin, 1988; Zheng, Wei, Goa, Zhang, & Wong, 1988)). Meade et al (2010) also reported that 52% met criteria for mild-moderate and 8% marked-severe anxiety (using the Chinese version of the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale; Zhang et al, 2015; Zung, 1971). In urban areas of Henan and Guangdong provinces, Su et al (2013) reported that 72% of their general PLWHA sample had depression.…”