The reliability of kinetic and kinematic variables used to analyse normal running gait

Diss, Ceri

doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00125-4

Cited by 90 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…To negate the effects of gait initiation and termination, average values of each parameter were computed across 100 strides within 4-minute (from 50-310 s) of the full walking period (about 360 s). The number of strides included in this study was adequate for gait repeatability studies according to Monaghan et al (2007) and Diss (2001), who have demonstrated that five gait strides are sufficient for better intra-rater repeatability. Included strides were visually inspected for accuracy.…”

Section: Measurement Of Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-rater repeatability of gait parameters in healthy adults during self-paced treadmill-based virtual reality walking

Al-Amri

Balushi

Mashabi

2017

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Self-paced treadmill walking is becoming increasingly popular for the gait assessment and reeducation, in both research and clinical settings. Its day-to-day repeatability is yet to be established. This study scrutinised the test-retest repeatability of key gait parameters, obtained from the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL) system. Twenty-three male able-bodied adults (age: 34.56 ± 5.12 years) completed two separate gait assessments on the GRAIL system, separated by 5 ± 3 days. Key gait kinematic, kinetic, and spatial-temporal parameters were analysed. The IntraclassCorrelation Coefficients (ICC), Standard Error Measurement (SEM), Minimum Detectable Change (MDC), and the 95% limits of agreements were calculated to evaluate the repeatability of these gait parameters. Day-to-day agreements were excellent (ICCs > 0.87) for spatial-temporal parameters with low MDC and SEM values, <0.153 and <0.055, respectively. The repeatability was higher for joint kinetic than kinematic parameters, as reflected in small values of SEM (<0.13 Nm/kg and <3.4°) and MDC (<0.335 Nm/kg and <9.44°). The obtained values of all parameters fell within the 95% limits of agreement. Our findings demonstrate the repeatability of the GRAIL system available in our laboratory. The SEM and MDC values can be used to assist researchers and clinicians to distinguish 'real' changes in gait performance over time.

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Section: Measurement Of Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-rater repeatability of gait parameters in healthy adults during self-paced treadmill-based virtual reality walking

Al-Amri

Balushi

Mashabi

2017

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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“…The first 4 minutes were used for participants to acclimate to the treadmill. [23][24][25] Data collection consisted of five 3-second trials during the final minute of running. 26,27 To reduce measurement bias, participants were blinded to exactly when data were being collected.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Self-Reported Foot-Strike Patterns Among Runners in Traditional and Minimalist Shoes

Goss¹,

Lewek²,

Yu³

et al. 2015

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context:The injury incidence rate among runners is approximately 50%. Some individuals have advocated using an anterior-foot-strike pattern to reduce ground reaction forces and injury rates that they attribute to a rear-foot-strike pattern. The proportion of minimalist shoe wearers who adopt an anterior-foot-strike pattern remains unclear.Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of self-reported footstrike patterns, compare negative ankle-and knee-joint angular work among runners using different foot-strike patterns and wearing traditional or minimalist shoes, and describe average vertical-loading rates.Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 60 healthy volunteers (37 men, 23 women; age ¼ 34.9 6 8.9 years, height ¼ 1.74 6 0.08 m, mass ¼ 70.9 6 13.4 kg) with more than 6 months of experience wearing traditional or minimalist shoes were instructed to classify their foot-strike patterns.Intervention(s): Participants ran in their preferred shoes on an instrumented treadmill with 3-dimensional motion capture.Main Outcome Measure(s): Self-reported foot-strike patterns were compared with 2-dimensional video assessments.Runners were classified into 3 groups based on video assessment: traditional-shoe rear-foot strikers (TSR; n ¼ 22), minimalist-shoe anterior-foot strikers (MSA; n ¼ 21), and minimalist-shoe rear-foot strikers (MSR; n ¼ 17). Ankle and knee negative angular work and average vertical-loading rates during stance phase were compared among groups.Results: Only 41 (68.3%) runners reported foot-strike patterns that agreed with the video assessment (j ¼ 0.42, P , .001). The TSR runners demonstrated greater ankle-dorsiflexion and knee-extension negative work than MSA and MSR runners (P , .05). The MSA (P , .001) and MSR (P ¼ .01) runners demonstrated greater ankle plantar-flexion negative work than TSR runners. The MSR runners demonstrated a greater average vertical-loading rate than MSA and TSR runners (P , .001).Conclusions: Runners often cannot report their foot-strike patterns accurately and may not automatically adopt an anterior-foot-strike pattern after transitioning to minimalist running shoes.Key Words: barefoot running, ground reaction forces, negative work, loading rate Key PointsAccuracy of self-reported foot-strike patterns for runners wearing minimalist running shoes was poor. A cohort of runners who wore minimalist shoes for at least 6 months demonstrated a rear-foot-strike pattern and potentially injurious ground reaction force rates of loading. Runners using a rear-foot-strike pattern and wearing traditional shoes demonstrated more overall knee excursion, greater knee-extension negative work, and greater ankle-dorsiflexion negative work than runners wearing minimalist shoes, regardless of foot-strike pattern.

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“…30 During data collection, subjects were asked to run for 5 minutes on the treadmill at a self-selected speed. During the first 4 minutes of running, the subjects were allowed to accommodate themselves to the treadmill, 14,19,24 and during the final minute of running data were collected in 5 three-second periods. 2,7 To reduce measurement bias, subjects were blinded to the data-collection times.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Negative Joint Work and Vertical Ground Reaction Force Loading Rates in Chi Runners and Rearfoot-Striking Runners

Goss

Gross

2013

Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy

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Study Design Observational. Objectives To compare lower extremity negative joint work and vertical ground reaction force loading rates in rearfoot-striking (RS) and Chi runners. Background Alternative running styles such as Chi running have become a popular alternative to RS running. Proponents assert that this running style reduces knee joint loading and ground reaction force loading rates. Methods Twenty-two RS and 12 Chi runners ran for 5 minutes at a self-selected speed on an instrumented treadmill. A 3-D motion analysis system was used to obtain kinematic data. Average vertical ground reaction force loading rate and negative work of the ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, and knee extensors were computed during the stance phase. Groups were compared using a 1-way analysis of covariance for each variable, with running speed and age as covariates. Results On average, RS runners demonstrated greater knee extensor negative work (RS, −0.332 J/body height × body weight [BH·BW]; Chi, −0.144 J/BH·BW; P<.001), whereas Chi runners demonstrated more ankle plantar flexor negative work (Chi, −0.467 J/BH·BW; RS, −0.315 J/BH·BW; P<.001). RS runners demonstrated greater average vertical ground reaction force loading rates than Chi runners (RS, 68.6 BW/s; Chi, 43.1 BW/s; P<.001). Conclusion Chi running may reduce vertical loading rates and knee extensor work, but may increase work of the ankle plantar flexors. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(10):685–692. Epub 9 September 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4542

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The reliability of kinetic and kinematic variables used to analyse normal running gait

Cited by 90 publications

References 13 publications

Intra-rater repeatability of gait parameters in healthy adults during self-paced treadmill-based virtual reality walking

Intra-rater repeatability of gait parameters in healthy adults during self-paced treadmill-based virtual reality walking

Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Self-Reported Foot-Strike Patterns Among Runners in Traditional and Minimalist Shoes

A Comparison of Negative Joint Work and Vertical Ground Reaction Force Loading Rates in Chi Runners and Rearfoot-Striking Runners

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