The reliability of selected motion- and pain provocation tests for the sacroiliac joint

Inter-tester reliability of selected clinical tests for long-lasting temporomandibular disorders

“…Tests of joint-mobility are considered an important tool in physical therapy and manual therapy, but it seems difficult to obtain good inter-examiner agreement, most probably because the tests are based on palpation. The results of the tests for TMJ-mobility in the present study are slightly better than what have been reported on palpation tests for other joints/structures [22][23][24][25]. Robinson and co-workers (2009) found poor to moderate inter-tester reliability on palpation tests for identifying the spinous processes of C7 and L5.…”

The percutaneous stabilisation of the sacroiliac joint with hollow modular anchorage screws: a prospective outcome study

“…The most symptomatic of patients could not load their ipsilateral ischium for any prolonged length and would fidget whilst sitting. Clinical examination included palpation over the sacroiliac joints and combination of iliac gapping/distraction test [9], iliac compression/ approximation test [9], Patrick test [9], posterior pelvic pain provocation test [9], Gaenslen test [10], Drop test [11] and the active straight leg raising test. Patients had a varied combination of positivity amongst these tests.…”

Metabolic disturbances identified by SPECT-CT in patients with a clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint incompetence

“…In expert hands, these tests have been shown to have high inter-observer concordance with kappa values of between 0.81 and 1.00 [42]. In more generalised usage, the tests perform with less efficacy [16,22]. The absence of an adequate imaging test has added to this difficulty, as ultrasound [15] and scintigraphy [14] have been unable to provide clear and easily reportable criteria with good sensitivity and specificity.…”

“…The failure to detect mechanical pathology in the SIJ, apart from fractures and inflammatory disease has been shown for CT [10,11], MRI [12,13], scintigraphy using tomography [14], and ultrasound [15]. As a result, the diagnosis of SIJ dysfunction must be based on history and physical examination and this has been established with high levels of evidence and reproducibility in the literature [3,12,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Patterns of pain and/or functional disturbances relating to PGP must be reproducible by specific clinical tests [4,19].…”