The Renal Humoral Pressor Mechanism in Man. Ii. The Effect of Transitory Complete Constriction of the Human Renal Artery on Blood Pressure and on the Concentration of Renin, Hypertensinogen, and Hypertensinase of Renal Arterial and Venous Blood, With Animal Observations 1

Quinby, William C.; Dexter, Lewis; Sandmeyer, John A.; Haynes, Florence W.

doi:10.1172/jci101580

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…If, as seems likely, the concentration of renin normally present in blood is sufficient to produce vasoconstriction and thereby influence blood pressure (44,45), and if the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoactive angiotensin II can take place within the kidney (9) the large increase in renal venous renin seen in these experiments could well have produced vasoconstriction within the kidney. That it can produce vasoconstriction outside the kidney is suggested by the observation that arterial and renal venous renin rise transiently together with blood pressure after removal of a clamp from the renal artery (12,46,47).…”

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confidence: 99%

Renin and Acute Circulatory Renal Failure in the Rabbit

Brown

Gavras

et al. 1972

Circulation Research

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Plasma renin concentration (PRC) was measured in 25 rabbits before and 6, 24, or 72 hours after subcutaneous injection of glycerol. Renal failure and tubular necrosis developed in most animals and PRC rose sixfold to a maximum at 24 hours. Small insignificant changes of PRC were present at 6 and 72 hours. None of these changes was observed in a control group of nine animals killed 24 hours after an injection of saline. The amount of renin extractable from single superficial glomeruli and from renal cortical tissue was reduced after injection of glycerol. In a second study of 11 anesthetized rabbits, renal venous PRC increased on average from 151 to 1810 units/liter following a 4-hour period of renal artery occlusion. Arterial PRC did not change significantly during this time, but the kidneys showed histological changes of acute tubular necrosis. These experiments are compatible with the suggestion that renin is involved in the pathogenesis of acute circulatory renal failure. KEY WORDSglomerular renin glycerol-induced renal failure acute tubular necrosis angiotensin renal artery occlusion• Vasoconstriction within the kidney, particularly in the outer layers of the cortex, is held to be important in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure (ARF) (1, 2). Renin is stored mainly in the outer layers of the renal cortex (3, 4) and, like the plasma or blood levels of renin, renin activity and angiotensin are often increased during the early stages of ARF in man (5-10) and may, by their vasoconstrictor effect, play some part in producing the condition (9, 11). However, analysis of results in man is compromised by lack of information on changes in renin in the early stages of ARF (9). In the first group of experiments reported here, therefore, plasma renin concentration was measured in rabbits before and during the development of ARF produced by glycerol.From the MRC Blood Pressure Unit and the Department of Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, W.I., Scotland.Received April 2, 1971. Accepted for publication September 27, 1971.The second question investigated was the extent to which levels of renin in peripheral plasma reflect those within the kidney under conditions, such as in ARF, in which renal blood flow is reduced. It is known, for example, that renal venous plasma renin concentration is inversely related to renal blood flow (12). In a second series of rabbits, therefore, the renal artery was occluded for a period sufficient to produce ischemic changes within the kidney, and renin was measured in samples of arterial and renal venous plasma taken before, during, and after the occlusion.A brief account of some of these results has been given recently (13). Methods A. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE PRODUCED BY GLYCEROLForty-nine rabbits were given the acidifying diet described by Lalich (14) to increase susceptibility to ARF (15), which in preliminary experiments had proved difficult to produce. Within 3 weeks, urine pH had decreased from 6.9 or more to 5.5 or less in all animals. Drinking water was then withheld, and aft...

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confidence: 99%

Renin and Acute Circulatory Renal Failure in the Rabbit

Brown

Gavras

et al. 1972

Circulation Research

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“…It is theoretically (8) have shown no significant differences from the normal. By the methods reported in the present paper, it is apparent that the amount of hypertensinase in human plasma is the same in hypertensive as in normal patients and that a lack of hypertensinase in plasma is not directly related to the presence of human hypertension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Renal Humoral Pressor Mechanism in Man. Iii. The Hypertensinase Content of Plasma of Control Subjects and of Patients With Hypertension and Other Diseases 1

Haynes¹,

Dexter²

1945

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The function of the kidney when deprived of any sympathetic influences to and from the organ in animals undergoing bilateral nephrectomy and auto-reimplantation of their kidneys results in significant diuresis, most likely due to a readjustment of the pressure natriuresis response. 19 In a canine model, stimulation of renal sympathetic nerves causes hypertension, in part because of a reduction in renal blood flow. 26 This aspect has been further addressed in a model of unilateral renal denervation in dogs treated by rapid injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the renal artery with simultaneous collection of the venous effluents to avoid systemic effects.…”

Section: Preclinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Sympathetic-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction is due to stimulation of post-synaptic α1-and α2-adrenoceptors in normal subjects as well as in heart failure, 16, 17 and sympathetic vasoconstriction has been documented in coronary circulation. 18 Therapeutic renal denervation has been explored in preclinical models 19 and in humans 20 since the 1950 s, when surgical renal denervation was shown to be a highly effective treatment for resistant hypertension in the clinical setting. Unfortunately, the procedure was abandoned because of intolerable side-effects, but gave rise to other promising surgical techniques, such as carotid baroreceptor surgery for resistant hypertension, which showed encouraging results.…”

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confidence: 99%