The Reparations Policy for Human Rights Violations in Chile

Lira, Elisabeth

doi:10.1093/0199291926.003.0003

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The dispersion of $0.04 mag is comparable to the intrinsic dispersion of the evolution of the tail color (e.g., Lira 1995;Phillips et al 1999) and is much less than that of the peak colorÁm 15 relation. The residual distribution for the fit to the colorÁm 15 correlation, as shown in Figure 2, reveals that the larger scatter of the peak colors is not due to individual observations but tends to be an overall behavior.…”

Section: The Colors and Reddening Of Sne Iamentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It was shown by Lira (1995) that the intrinsic B À V color evolution of SNe Ia 30-90 days past V maximum can be well approximated by a simple linear relation: (B À V ) 0 ¼ 0:725 À 0:0118(t V À 60), where t V is the time (in days) from the V maximum. By empirically assuming that the intrinsic colors of SNe at late time are all identical and follow the above relation, one can deduce the reddening from the offset of the observed ''tail'' color of SNe Ia from the above relation.…”

Section: The Colors and Reddening Of Sne Iamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Hubble Constant, the Intrinsic Scatter of Luminosities of Type Ia Supernovae, and Evidence for Nonstandard Dust in Other Galaxies

Wang

Pain

et al. 2006

ApJ

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A sample of 109 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with recession velocity P30,000 km s À1 is compiled from published SN Ia light curves to explore the expansion rate of the local universe. Based on the color parameter ÁC 12 and the decline rate Ám 15 , we found that the average absorption-to-reddening ratios for SN Ia host galaxies are R UBVI ¼ 4:37 AE 0:25, 3:33 AE 0:11, 2:30 AE 0:11, and 1:18 AE 0:11, which are systematically lower than the standard values in the Galaxy. We investigated the correlations of the intrinsic luminosity with light-curve decline rate, color index, and SN environmental parameters. In particular, we found that SNe Ia in E/S0 galaxies close to the central region are brighter than those in the outer region, which may suggest a possible metallicity effect on SN luminosity. The dependence of SN luminosity on galactic environment disappears after corrections for the extinction and ÁC 12 . The Hubble diagrams constructed using 73 Hubble flow SNe Ia yield a 1 scatter of P0.12 mag in BVI bands and $0.16 mag in U band. The luminosity difference between normal SNe Ia and peculiar objects (including SN 1991bg-like and SN 1991T-like events) has now been reduced to within 0.15 mag via ÁC 12 correction. We use the same precepts to correct the nearby SNe Ia with Cepheid distances and found that the fully corrected absolute magnitudes of SNe Ia are M B ¼ À19:33 AE 0:06 and M V ¼ À19:27 AE 0:05. We deduced a value for the Hubble constant of H 0 ¼ 72 AE 6 (total) km s À1 Mpc À1 .

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Section: The Colors and Reddening Of Sne Iamentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: The Colors and Reddening Of Sne Iamentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Hubble Constant, the Intrinsic Scatter of Luminosities of Type Ia Supernovae, and Evidence for Nonstandard Dust in Other Galaxies

Wang

Pain

et al. 2006

ApJ

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“…From these, we can construct the ratio R true X A X /E(B À V ) true , which varies in time as the numerator varies, and R obs X A X /E(B À V ) obs , for which both the numerator and denominator vary in time. We have calculated both of these ratios similarly to Phillips et al Lira et al 1998;(8) Hamuy et al 1996b;(9) Ford et al 1993;(10) Altavilla et al 2004;(11) Filippenko et al 1992;(12) Leibundgut et al 1993;(13) Turatto et al 1996 (14) N. Suntzeff 2005, private communication;(15) Riess et al 1999;(16) Richmond et al 1995;(17) Patat et al 1996;(18) Meikle et al 1996;(19) Riess et al 2005;(20) Salvo et al 2001;(21) Jha et al 2006;(22) Li et al 1999;(23) Turatto et al 1998;(24) Suntzeff et al 1999;(25) Jha et al 1999b;(26) Modjaz et al 2001;(27) (1999) and Nugent et al (2002), by simulating the effects of extinction on the sample of 91 spectra described in x 2.1, using the R V ¼ 3:1 extinction law of CCM89, 7 as modified by O'Donnell (1994), and synthetic photometry through the Bessell (1990) standard passbands. 8 We present our calculations of R true X and R obs X in Figures 2 and 3, respectively.…”

Section: Extinctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Multicolor Light‐Curve Shapes: MLCS2k2

Jha

Riess

Kirshner

2007

ApJ

828

1,147

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We present an updated version of the multicolor light-curve shape method to measure distances to Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), incorporating new procedures for K-correction and extinction corrections. We also develop a simple model to disentangle intrinsic color variations and reddening by dust and expand the method to incorporate U-band light curves and to more easily accommodate prior constraints on any of the model parameters. We apply this method to 133 nearby SNe Ia, including 95 objects in the Hubble flow (cz ! 2500 km s À1 ), which give an intrinsic dispersion of less than 7% in distance. The Hubble flow sample, which is of critical importance to all cosmological uses of SNe Ia, is the largest ever presented with homogeneous distances. We find that the Hubble flow SNe with H 0 d SN ! 7400 km s À1 yield an expansion rate that is 6:5% AE 1:8% lower than the rate determined from SNe within that distance, and this can have a large effect on measurements of the dark energy equation of state with SNe Ia. Peculiar velocities of SN Ia host galaxies in the rest frame of the Local Group are consistent with the dipole measured in the cosmic microwave background. Direct fits of SNe Ia that are significantly reddened by dust in their host galaxies suggest that their mean extinction law may be described by R V ' 2:7, but optical colors alone provide weak constraints on R V .

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“…65 In Chile, a study on the impact of financial reparations on the Mapuche communities reports that these reparations distorted family relations and negatively affected family and community networks. 66 It also mentions that this culture's conceptions of reparation were disregarded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Is Priceless: Mayan Q'eqchi' Voices on the Guatemalan National Reparations Program

Viaene¹

2009

International Journal of Transitional Justice

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1Little in-depth research has been conducted on or attention paid to the experience and opinions of survivors regarding issues such as reparation, justice, reconciliation and truth in dealing with the aftermath of atrocities. Less still has been said of the way in which victims' identities impact on these views or are considered in the design of programs aimed at redress for past violations. This article focuses on Guatemala's National Reparations Program (PNR) as critically viewed by Mayan Q'eqchi' victims. The Q'eqchi' are the secondlargest Mayan group in the country and among the most severely affected by the internal armed conflict of 1960 to 1996. In Guatemala, the dominant culture is nonindigenous, although the majority of the population is indigenous Maya. This raises the complex issue of the actual and potential role of cultural context in dealing with grave human rights violations. In this regard, it is pertinent to establish how reparation is understood in different cultural contexts and to question how governmental reparations programs take these contexts into account. The results of extensive ethnographic field research conducted between 2006 and 2009 reveal the need for a locally rooted and culturally sensitive PNR.

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The Reparations Policy for Human Rights Violations in Chile

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Determination of the Hubble Constant, the Intrinsic Scatter of Luminosities of Type Ia Supernovae, and Evidence for Nonstandard Dust in Other Galaxies

Determination of the Hubble Constant, the Intrinsic Scatter of Luminosities of Type Ia Supernovae, and Evidence for Nonstandard Dust in Other Galaxies

Improved Distances to Type Ia Supernovae with Multicolor Light‐Curve Shapes: MLCS2k2

Life Is Priceless: Mayan Q'eqchi' Voices on the Guatemalan National Reparations Program

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