The Replication of Bluetongue Virus in Culicoides Vectors

Mellor, P. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-75247-6_6

Cited by 105 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Furthermore it is well documented that different populations of a vector species of Culicoides can vary widely in their ability to transmit a particular virus [21,22] therefore some European populations of C. pulicaris and C. obsoletus may prove to be more efficient AHSV vectors than populations of the same species of midge further south. It is also the case that species of Culicoides such as C. imicola and C. variipennis which are known to be able to transmit AHSV [14,20,23,24] are also competent to transmit the closely related bluetongue viruses [20,25,26]. If it should be the case that these two groups of viruses usually share common vectors then it may be of importance to note that both C. pulicaris and C. obsoletus have been implicated as potential vectors of bluetongue virus [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolations of African horse sickness virus from vector insects made during the 1988 epizootic in Spain

et al. 1990

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SUMMARYThis paper describes the first isolations of African horse sickness virus (AHSV) from insects in Spain. Seven isolations of AHSV serotype 4 were made; four from Culicoides imicola a known vector of the virus elsewhere, two from mixed pools of Culicoides species not including C. imicola and one from blood engorged mosquitoes. Three further isolations of AHSV serotype 4 were also made from horses kept adjacent to the insect collecting sites.This work presents the first definitive identification of the vectors of AHSV in Spain during the 1987, 88 and 89 epizootics. Suggestions are also made concerning the significance of these findings with regard to the epidemiology of African horse sickness in Spain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolations of African horse sickness virus from vector insects made during the 1988 epizootic in Spain

et al. 1990

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“…Importantly, cores are poorly infectious or even non-infectious in different mammalian cells but they are at least 100 fold more infectious for adult Culicoides midges or a Culicoides cell line (KC cells) [61,67]. VP7 can mediate attachment and penetration of insect cells in the absence of either VP2 or VP5, a process that may involve an arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) tripeptide motif present at amino acid residues 168 to 170 on the outermost surface of the VP7 trimers on the BTV core [97].…”

Section: The Major Core Proteins Vp3 and Vp7mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, conventional models for the transmission of BTV suggest that if adverse winter conditions last for more than 100 days, the virus should be unable to survive from one year to the next. Persistence of BTV in the larvae of vector Culicoides is considered to be highly improbable [61] although it cannot be ruled out [101]. Some authors have postulated that persistently infected T cells, recruited by midge biting, could facilitate the transmission of BTV for periods as long as nine weeks post infection in Dorset sheep [96].…”

Section: Cell Tropism Dissemination and Reservoirmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

et al. 2008

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-Bluetongue (BT) virus, an orbivirus of the Reoviridae family encompassing 24 known serotypes, is transmitted to ruminants via certain species of biting midges (Culicoides spp.) and causes thrombo-hemorrhagic fevers mainly in sheep. During the 20th century, BTV was endemic in sub-tropical regions but in the last ten years, new strains of BTV (serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 16) have appeared in Europe leading to a devastating disease in naive sheep and bovine herds (serotype 8). BTV enters into insect cells via the viral inner core VP7 protein and in mammalian cells via the external capsid VP2 haemagglutinin, which is the major determinant of BTV serotype and neutralization. BTV replicates in mononuclear phagocytes and endothelial cells where it induces expression of inflammatory cytokines as well as apoptosis. BTV can remain as nonreplicating entities concealed in erythrocytes for up to five months. Homologous protection against one BTV serotype involves neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses directed to the external VP2 and VP5 proteins, whereas heterologous protection is supported by T cells directed to the NS1 non structural protein and inner core proteins.

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“…Certain species of Culicoides biting midges are known to be biological vectors of BTV [12]. During this study potential vector species of Culicoides were collected using Monks Wood light traps [13] When the positive results were analyzed by species, cattle and goats were seen to be equally involved in the maintenance of the virus but sheep were implicated to a lesser extent (Table 2).…”

Section: Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue in the Sultanate of Oman, a preliminary epidemiological study

1991

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SUMMARYA group specific agar-gel immunodiffusion test was used to demonstrate that there is a frequent and widespread distribution of bluetongue virus throughout the Sultanate of Oman. The Culicoides midges C. imicola and C. schultzei, both capable of transmitting bluetongue group viruses, were recorded throughout the year.Although these studies did not establish that bluetongue is enzootic in Oman, type-specific neutralizing antibody results supported previous evidence for the existence of a Saudi Arabian bluetongue ecosystem. Variations in antibody evidence of virus activity within a restricted locality suggested a hot-spot theory concerning the perpetuation of the virus.

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The Replication of Bluetongue Virus in Culicoides Vectors

Cited by 105 publications

References 49 publications

Isolations of African horse sickness virus from vector insects made during the 1988 epizootic in Spain

Isolations of African horse sickness virus from vector insects made during the 1988 epizootic in Spain

Bluetongue virus: virology, pathogenesis and immunity

Bluetongue in the Sultanate of Oman, a preliminary epidemiological study

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