The Repression of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Safflower Yellow May Improve Spinal Cord Injury

Wang, Lu; Botchway, Benson O. A.; Liu, Xuehong

doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.803885

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Several previous studies have linked safflower and its phytochemical compounds to the BDNF/TrkB/ERK pathway. 33,[40][41] These studies, as well as our in-silico findings suggest that the BDNF/TrkB/ERK pathway is the cause of the neurite outgrowth effects seen in N2A cells treated with SA extracts.…”

Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 64%

Effect of Thai medicinal plants Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Carthamus tinctorius L. and Streblus asper Lour. on neurite outgrowth activity in Neuro-2A cells

Rakkhitawatthana¹,

Sillapachaiyaporn²,

Nilkhet³

et al. 2023

JAMS

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Background: Neurite outgrowth is an important process in neural reorganization and repair after neuronal injury. Neurite outgrowth is one of the important mechanisms to maintain normal physiological neuronal function. Neurite stimulation may help to prevent or rehabilitate brain regions in neurodegenerative disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to screen selected ethnopharmacological herbs for stimulatory effects on neurite outgrowth and to test for any cytotoxicity and phytochemical properties. Materials and methods: The herbal extracts derived from Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. leaves, Carthamus tinctorius L. flower, and Streblus asper Lour. bark was tested for neurite outgrowth stimulation/potentiation and cytotoxic and phytochemical properties. Results: The extract of Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers at concentrations of 50 and 500 µg/mL could significantly stimulate potentiation of neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2a cells whereas other extracts could not. We found that treatment of the cells with a concentration up to 500 µg/mL of the Carthamus tinctorius L. extract showed no cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The neurite potentiation effect might be due to other chemical constituents rather than phytochemical properties, especially total flavonoid, and phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity of the Carthamus tinctorius L. extract. The result showed that Carthamus tinctorius L. flowers extract could be a good candidate for use as a drug protecting against neuronal damage and neurodegenerative disease since it provides low cytotoxicity and neurogenic enhancement.

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Section: Samplesupporting

confidence: 64%

Effect of Thai medicinal plants Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Carthamus tinctorius L. and Streblus asper Lour. on neurite outgrowth activity in Neuro-2A cells

Rakkhitawatthana¹,

Sillapachaiyaporn²,

Nilkhet³

et al. 2023

JAMS

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“…Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological disease that causes loss of motor and sensory functions ( Wang, Botchway et al, 2021 ). The pathophysiology of SCI is related to complicated molecular and cellular biological processes, that can be split into two phases: primary and secondary damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TAZ Induces Migration of Microglia and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Pharmacol.

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Following spinal cord injury (SCI), microglia gradually migrate to the edge of the lesion, interweaving around the border of the lesion to form the microglial scar, which performs inflammatory limiting and neuroprotective functions. Recent reports showed that Yes-associated protein (YAP) was expressed in astrocytes and promoted the formation of astrocytic scars, while YAP was not expressed in microglia after SCI. YAP and its paralogue transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are transcriptional coactivators, which have a similar functional role as both are negatively regulated by the Hippo signalling pathway. However, the expression and function of TAZ after SCI are unclear. Our research group previously found that Fascin-1 was highly expressed in microglia and promoted migration of microglia after SCI, and that, there was a close regulatory relationship between Fascin-1 and YAP/TAZ. In this study, we demonstrated that TAZ was significantly upregulated and mainly expressed in microglia after SCI, and accumulated in the nuclei of microglia in the spinal cord at 14 days post-SCI. Moreover, TAZ was upregulated and accumulated in the nuclei of anti-inflammatory M2-like (M2-L) polarized or myelin-treated microglia. Additionally, XMU-MP-1 (an inhibitor of the Hippo kinase MST1/2 to active TAZ) promoted the aggregation of microglia around the lesion core, resulting in the formation of microglial scars and the functional recovery of mice after SCI. Our findings also indicated that TAZ promoted microglial migration in vitro. Mechanistically, Fascin-1 interacted with TAZ, which upregulated TAZ expression and induced TAZ nuclear accumulation in microglia to promote microglial migration. These findings revealed that TAZ mediated microglial migration to the edge of the lesion core, promoting the formation of microglial scars and functional recovery after SCI. Moreover, TAZ was downstream of Fascin-1, which positively regulated microglial migration after SCI.

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“…These findings indicate that AS-IV may protect against ovarian cancer cell progression by suppressing HMGB1/TLR4 signaling (Fig. 4) (48,86).…”

Section: Other Novel Anticancer Mechanisms and Related Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 77%

Anticancer effects and mechanisms of astragaloside‑IV (Review)

Chai

Zhang

et al. 2022

Oncol Rep

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Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat various cancers. Astragaloside-IV (AS-IV) is one of the major compounds isolated from A. membranaceus Bunge and has been demonstrated to have antitumor effects by inhibiting cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis in various cancer types. Numerous studies have used in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models of cancer to explore the antitumor activities of AS-IV.In the present study, the antitumor effects and mechanisms of AS-IV reported in studies recorded in the PubMed database were reviewed. First, the antitumor effects of AS-IV on proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, invasion, migration, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, including angiogenesis, tumor immunity and macrophage-related immune responses to cancer cells, were comprehensively discussed. Subsequently, the molecular mechanisms and related signaling pathways associated with antitumor effects of AS-IV as indicated by in vitro and in vivo studies were summarized, including the Wnt/AKT/GSK-3β (glycogen synthase kinase-3β)/β-catenin, TGF-β/PI3K/AKT/mTOR, PI3K/MAPK/mTOR, PI3K/AKT/NF-κB, Rac family small GTPase 1/RAS/MAPK/ERK, TNF-α/protein kinase C/ERK1/2-NF-κB and Tregs (T-regulatory cells)/IL-11/STAT3 signaling pathways. Of note, several novel mechanisms of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB/STAT3, pSmad3C/3L, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (NrF2)/heme oxygenase 1, circDLST/microRNA-489-3p/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 and macrophage-related high-mobility group box 1-TLR4 signaling pathways associated with the anticancer activity of AS-IV were also included. Finally, the limitations of current studies that must be addressed in future studies were pointed out to facilitate the establishment of AS-IV as a potent therapeutic drug in cancer treatment. Contents1. Introduction 2. Inhibitory effects of AS-IV on growth and proliferation of cancer cells 3. Inhibiting tumor growth by improving the TME, tumor immunity and immunotherapy and decreasing tumor angiogenesis 4. Antitumor mechanisms and related signaling pathways 5. Other novel anticancer mechanisms and related pathways 6. Conclusion and future perspectives

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The Repression of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Safflower Yellow May Improve Spinal Cord Injury

Cited by 16 publications

References 95 publications

Effect of Thai medicinal plants Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Carthamus tinctorius L. and Streblus asper Lour. on neurite outgrowth activity in Neuro-2A cells

Effect of Thai medicinal plants Acanthus ebracteatus Vahl. Carthamus tinctorius L. and Streblus asper Lour. on neurite outgrowth activity in Neuro-2A cells

TAZ Induces Migration of Microglia and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury

Anticancer effects and mechanisms of astragaloside‑IV (Review)

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