The Reproducibility of the Respiratory Responses to Maximum Exercise

Garrard, Christopher S.; Emmons, C

doi:10.1159/000194865

Cited by 34 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The majority of theses studies utilised maximal exercise testing, whereas our study concentrated on submaximal testing, making comparisons difficult. Despite this, the two studies which commented on the reliability of repeat AT measurement produced similar results to ours with a coefficient of variation of 12.1 [20] and 9.2 [22], in healthy subjects and those with cardiac disease respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

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Reliability of the anaerobic threshold in cardiopulmonary exercise testing of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms*

Kothmann¹,

Danjoux²,

Owen

et al. 2008

Anaesthesia

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SummaryAnaerobic threshold (AT), determined by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), is a well-documented measure of pre-operative fitness, although its reliability in patient populations is uncertain. Our aim was to assess the reliability of AT measurement in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Eighteen patients were recruited. CPET was performed four times over a 6-week period. We examined shifts in the mean AT to evaluate systematic bias with random measurement error assessed using typical within-patient error and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 3,1) statistics. There was no significant or clinically substantial change in mean AT across the tests (p = 0.68). The typical within-patient error expressed as a percentage coefficient of variation was 10% (95% CI, 8-13%), with an ICC of 0.74 (95% CI, 0.55-0.89). We consider the reliability of the AT to be acceptable, supporting its clinical validity and utility as an objective marker of pre-operative fitness in this population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Test-retest reliability using cycle ergometry has been examined before in healthy subjects [18][19][20] and in patients with cardiac [21][22][23] and pulmonary disease [24][25][26]. The majority of theses studies utilised maximal exercise testing, whereas our study concentrated on submaximal testing, making comparisons difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability of the anaerobic threshold in cardiopulmonary exercise testing of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms*

Kothmann¹,

Danjoux²,

Owen

et al. 2008

Anaesthesia

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“…Because of diurnal variability in exercise capacity and ischemic threshold, with greater exercise tolerance in the afternoon than the morning, 46,47 serial testing should be performed at the same time of day and Ն2 hours after eating to avoid the effects of food on myocardial oxygen demand and CO. Similarly, caffeinated beverages and smoking should be avoided during this interval.…”

Section: Research Applications Of Functional Capacity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Functional Capacity in Clinical and Research Applications

Fleg¹,

Piña²,

Balady³

et al. 2000

Circulation

251

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A fundamental requirement for many of the activities of daily living is the ability to perform predominantly aerobic, ie, oxygen-using, work. Such activities require the integrated efforts of the heart, lungs, and circulation to deliver oxygen to the metabolically active muscle mass. Thus, the assessment of functional or aerobic exercise time or peak oxygen consumption provides important diagnostic and prognostic information in a wide variety of clinical settings. Furthermore, numerous clinical trials, especially those in patients with heart failure, have used aerobic exercise time or peak oxygen consumption as a primary or secondary end point. This brief advisory will highlight the major clinical and research applications of functional capacity assessment. For a comprehensive review of exercise testing, the reader is referred to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines for Exercise Testing. 1 Physiology and TerminologyThe maximal capacity of an individual to perform aerobic work is defined by the maximal oxygen consumption (V O 2 max), the product of cardiac output (CO) and arteriovenous oxygen (AV O 2 ) difference at exhaustion. Although V O 2 max is measured in liters per minute, it is usually expressed per kilogram of body weight to facilitate intersubject comparisons. Functional capacity, particularly when estimated rather than measured directly, is often expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs); 1 MET represents resting energy expenditure and approximates 3.5 mL O 2 ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1. Because V O 2 max is typically achieved by exercise that involves only about half of the total body musculature, it is generally believed that V O 2 max is limited by maximal CO rather than peripheral factors. 2 V O 2 max is affected by age, sex, conditioning status, and the presence of diseases or medications that influence its components. V O 2 max in a young world-class male endurance athlete can exceed 80 mL ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1, whereas a value of 15 mL ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ min Ϫ1 is typical for a sedentary but healthy 80-year-old woman. Aerobic capacity declines 8% to 10% per decade in nonathletic subjects, 3 mediated largely by decreases in maximal heart rate and AV O 2 difference. Earlier studies suggested that the age-associated decline in V O 2 max may be attenuated to Ϸ5% per decade in endurance-trained subjects who continue to exercise vigorously. However, recent longitudinal observations with Ͼ20 years of follow-up have demonstrated declines of 10% to 15% per decade in such individuals, 4 mediated in part by a reduction in training intensity. At any age, V O 2 max in men is 10% to 20% greater than in women, in part because of a higher hemoglobin concentration, a larger proportion of muscle mass, and a greater stroke volume in men. These age and sex differences in V O 2 max must be considered in interpretations of functional capacity in individuals. Endurance training augments V O 2 max by 10% to 30% primarily by increasing maximal stroke volume and the AV O 2 difference. 5 True V O 2 max is usual...

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“…Blood pressure was monitored electronically every 3 minutes (Suntech 4240 Exercise BP monitor, USA). Arterial oxygen saturation was also monitored throughout the test (Nonin Pulse Oximeter 8600, USA) [30,31].…”

Section: Measurement Of Aerobic Capacity (Vo 2 Peak)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young men with Cardiovascular Risks Participating in Pedometer-based Workplace Programme

Omara¹,

Aminuddin²,

Zakaria³

et al. 2016

J Clin Res Bioeth

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Lack of exercise among Malaysians and the increasing cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality among young men are of concern. In response to the wide use of pedometers, daily targets of 10,000 steps/day have been recommended. In Malaysia, data on workplace exercise intervention is scarce. A programme was designed to enable subjects to increase their level of walking as part of their daily work routine and self-monitored by using pedometers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) through a pedometer based walking programme at the workplace. A total of 70 young men (20-40 years old) who were sedentary, achieving less than 5,000 steps/day in casual walking with 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors were recruited in IKBN Hulu Langat. Subjects were randomly assigned to a control (CG) (n=34; no change in walking) and pedometer group (PG) (n=36; minimum target: 8,000 steps/day). Blood lipid profile, anthropometric and CRF were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. At post intervention, the CG step counts were similar (4983 ± 366 vs 5697 ± 407 steps/day). The PG increased step count from 4996 ± 805 to 10,128 ± 511 steps/day (P<0.001). Results for lipid and anthropometrics variables were significantly improved for time and group effect (p<0.001). In PG, the CRF was significantly increased for time and effect (p<0.01) for VO 2 peak from 31.54 ± 9.66 to 40.15 ± 9.55(ml/kg/min but no change in CG (31.46 ± 6.15 vs 31.60 ± 8.99 ml/kg/min). The walking programme improved health status in terms of improving biophysical profiles and cardiorespiratory fitness.

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The Reproducibility of the Respiratory Responses to Maximum Exercise

Cited by 34 publications

References 10 publications

Reliability of the anaerobic threshold in cardiopulmonary exercise testing of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms*

Reliability of the anaerobic threshold in cardiopulmonary exercise testing of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms*

Assessment of Functional Capacity in Clinical and Research Applications

Improvement of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Young men with Cardiovascular Risks Participating in Pedometer-based Workplace Programme

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