The knowledge of accurate geometrical parameters from
X-ray diffraction
studies in the solid state of metal nucleotide is very important for
understanding the relationship between structures and properties,
including biochemical processes and even enzyme–metal–substrate
interactions. The research is also very necessary to precisely and
controllably design the functional materials. Here, seven types of
coordination polymers of inosine 5′-diphosphate nucleotide
(IDP) with transition metals, {[Zn(HIDP)(azpy)(H2O)2]·4H2O}
n
(1), {[Cd2(IDP)2(bpda)2]·[Cd(H2O)6]·11H2O}
n
(2), {[Cd3(IDP)2(4,4′-bipy)2(H2O)3]·6H2O}
n
(3), {[Cd2(IDP)2(bpe)2(H2O)2]·(H2bpe)·26H2O}
n
(4), {[Cu3(IDP)2(azpy)2(H2O)5]·5H2O}
n
(5), {[Cu3(IDP)2(bpe)2(H2O)5]·9H2O}
n
(6), and {[Co(HIDP)(azpy)(H2O)2]·7H2O}
n
(7) [4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine, azpy = 4,4′-azopyridine,
bpe = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene, and bpda = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene],
were designed, synthesized, and firmly characterized using single-crystal
X-ray diffraction. The coordination patterns of the diphosphate group
of IDP in these complexes were studied by crystallographic analysis,
namely, open, close, and open–close hybrid types. We have investigated
the diverse coordination patterns of the diphosphate group and its
spatial relationship relative to the pentose ring on the basis of
two conformational parameters, the pseudorotation phase angle and
the degree of puckering. Crystallographic studies clearly reveal the
correlation between the backbone torsion angle (ω′ and
φ) of the sugar–diphosphate and the conformational preference
of the pentose ring, i.e., the signs of the backbone torsion angles
ω′ and φ are both plus (+) or minus (−),
the conformation of the pentose ring is envelope form (E), while when
one of the two signs is plus (+) and the other is minus (−),
the pentose ring is in the twist form (T). This is the first time
elucidation of the coordination pattern of diphosphate relative to
the conformation of the pentose ring in nucleotide metal complexes,
which are different from the other inorganic or organic diphosphate
compounds. The chirality of these coordination polymers was examined
by combining solid-state circular dichroism spectroscopy measurements
with the explanation of their crystal structures. The results presented
in this paper are very important for understanding their nucleotide
coordination chemistry, their supramolecular chemistry, and even their
biochemistry.