The research of indoor positioning based on visible light communication

Wang, Chunyue; Wang, Lang; Chi, Xuefen; Liu, Shuangxing; Shi, Wenxiao; Deng, Jing

doi:10.1109/cc.2015.7224709

Cited by 74 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Proximity [9] 1-2 m Low Mobile phone [16] m Medium Exp-Setup, dsPIC Board [12] 4.5 m Medium MSP 430 [17] 0.01-0.48 m Low [18] 0.3-0.6 m Medium [19] 0.4 m Medium Exp-Setup, RF, LED Fingerprinting [20] 5 cm Low Exp-Setup + E4832A [21] 10 cm Medium [22] 10 cm Low [10] 15-20 cm Medium Exp-Setup, Covered [23] 10 cm Medium [24] 85 cm Medium [25] 1-2 cm Medium [26] 20-80 cm Low [27] 1.69 cm Medium [28] 7 cm Low [29] 5 cm Medium Camera, Robot [30] 5 cm High Exp-Setup [31] 1.3 cm High Exp-Setup, mobile robot [32] 10 cm Medium [33] 10 cm Medium TDoA [34] 2-5 cm High [35] 1 cm High [36] 3.9 cm Medium [37] 0.3 cm Medium [38] 2 cm High [6] -cm AoA [11] 1-2 m Medium Exp-Setup, 5331 APD [39] 0.3 m Medium Mobile phone [40] 5-30 cm High [41] 10 cm High Tripod, protractor, PC [42] 8 cm High [43] 5 cm Medium Table 1. Cont.…”

Section: Algorithm Reference Accuracy Complexity Receiver System Exp mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical Boundaries for LED-Based Indoor Positioning System

et al. 2019

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Overlap of footprints of light emitting diodes (LEDs) increases the positioning accuracy of wearable LED indoor positioning systems (IPS) but such an approach assumes that the footprint boundaries are defined. In this work, we develop a mathematical model for defining the footprint boundaries of an LED in terms of a threshold angle instead of the conventional half or full angle. To show the effect of the threshold angle, we compare how overlaps and receiver tilts affect the performance of an LED-based IPS when the optical boundary is defined at the threshold angle and at the full angle. Using experimental measurements, simulations, and theoretical analysis, the effect of the defined threshold angle is estimated. The results show that the positional time when using the newly defined threshold angle is 12 times shorter than the time when the full angle is used. When the effect of tilt is considered, the threshold angle time is 22 times shorter than the full angle positioning time. Regarding accuracy, it is shown in this work that a positioning error as low as 230 mm can be obtained. Consequently, while the IPS gives a very low positioning error, a defined threshold angle reduces delays in an overlap-based LED IPS.

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Section: Algorithm Reference Accuracy Complexity Receiver System Exp mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Representation of minimal positioning error for increasing number of LEDs presented as the LED exponent factor as defined in(23) …”

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confidence: 99%

Optical Boundaries for LED-Based Indoor Positioning System

et al. 2019

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“…Widely applied in RF and VLP based localization systems, two-step positioning algorithms extract position related parameters, such as received signal strength (RSS), time-of-arrival (TOA), time-differenceof-arrival (TDOA), and angle-of-arrival (AOA) in the first step, and perform position estimation based on those parameters in the second step [19]. There exist a multitude of applications of indoor VLP systems that employ two-step positioning, such as those using RSS [15], [18], [20], [21], AOA [9], hybrid RSS/AOA [22]- [24], TOA [5], [25], and TDOA [17]. However, the two-step method can be construed as a suboptimal solution to the localization problem since it does not exploit all the collected data related to the unknown location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct and Two-Step Positioning in Visible Light Systems

Keskin

Gezici

Arıkan

2018

IEEE Trans. Commun.

107

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Visible light positioning (VLP) systems based on light emitting diodes can facilitate high accuracy localization services for indoor scenarios. In this paper, direct and twostep positioning approaches are investigated for both synchronous and asynchronous VLP systems. First, the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the direct positioning-based maximum likelihood estimator are derived for 3-D localization of a visible light communication receiver in a synchronous scenario by utilizing information from both time delay parameters and channel attenuation factors. Then, a two-step position estimator is designed for synchronous VLP systems by exploiting the asymptotic properties of time-of-arrival and received signal strength estimates. The proposed two-step estimator is shown to be asymptotically optimal, i.e., converges to the direct estimator at high signal-to-noise ratios. In addition, the CRLB and the direct and two-step estimators are obtained for positioning in asynchronous VLP systems. It is proved that the two-step position estimation is optimal in asynchronous VLP systems for practical pulse shapes. Various numerical examples are provided to illustrate the improved performance of the proposed estimators with respect to the current state-of-the-art and to investigate their robustness against model uncertainties in VLP systems. Index Terms-Estimation, Cramér-Rao lower bound, visible light, Lambertian pattern, direct positioning, two-step positioning. Musa Furkan Keskin received the B.S. and M.S. degrees from the

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“…Some authors have proposed Optical Camera Communication for Visible Light Positioning (VLP). They are based on the extraction of different information from the camera's images and, in general, use them for estimating distances among reference points and mobile nodes [11,12]. Additionally, the use of OCC to carry out node identification (reference and/or target) has also been studied [13][14][15][16], achieving centimeter accuracy in small-room scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Ranging Technique Based on Optical Camera Communications and Time Difference of Arrival

Rabadán

Guerra

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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In this work, a new Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) scheme for distance measurement based on Optical Camera Communication (OCC) systems is proposed. It relies on the use of optical pulses instead of radio-frequency signals as the time reference triggers, and the introduction of a rolling shutter camera, whose characteristics allows substituting the timer modules used in conventional TDoA techniques by image processing of the illuminated area in the picture. This processing on the camera’s images provides time measurements and implies and specific analysis, which is presented in this work. The system performance and properties, such as resolution and range, mainly depends on the camera characteristics, such as the frames capture rate and the image quality. This new technique is suitable to be implemented in smartphones or other Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) devices equipped with a camera and speakers.

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The research of indoor positioning based on visible light communication

Cited by 74 publications

References 8 publications

Optical Boundaries for LED-Based Indoor Positioning System

Optical Boundaries for LED-Based Indoor Positioning System

Direct and Two-Step Positioning in Visible Light Systems

A Novel Ranging Technique Based on Optical Camera Communications and Time Difference of Arrival

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