The Research on Relationship between Heat Generation and Crosslinking Density of Vulcanized Rubber

Abstract

Crosslinking density of vulcanized rubber which was filled with carbon black and silica was experimentally researched, and its corresponding heat generation, dynamic lag loss (tanδ) and loss modulus ( E″) were also studied. Based on these tests, the model of the relationship among them was established. The results showed that the characteristic value of crosslinking density Vr almost showed downward trend as a straight line when the quantity of silica increased, but temperature rise, loss modulus E″ and tanδ increased obviously. Silane coupling agent Si-69 could improve the crosslink density and dynamic performance. In the drawing, linear correlation was good in linear fitting between temperature rise and loss modulus, as well as between temperature rise and tanδ. Keywords: vulcanized rubber; crosslingking density; heat generation; hysteresis

Low heat generation from organic zinc as a curing activator in rubber and rubber composites under large strain

“…According to the mathematical model for heat generation in tires, the heat ( Q ) generated by a tire in each rolling cycle can be obtained using the following formula [ 34 ] : $$\begin{equation}Q = \pi \gamma _0^2G^{\prime}{\mathop{\rm Tan}\nolimits} \delta = \pi \gamma _0^2G^{\prime} \cdot \frac{{G^{\prime\prime}}}{{G^{\prime}}} = \pi \gamma _0^2G^{\prime\prime}\end{equation}$$…”

“…According to the mathematical model for heat generation in tires, the heat (Q) generated by a tire in each rolling cycle can be obtained using the following formula [34] :…”

Review on Heat Generation of Rubber Composites

“…The energy dissipated in the material is ultimately converted into heat, which leads to an increase in operating temperature in rubber products [13]. The energy dissipation equation reveals that the linear link between dynamic lag loss (tan δ) and the loss of energy given in the form of temperature rise, or loss modulus (E ) [14],…”

“…The energy dissipated in the material is ultimately converted into heat, which leads to an increase in operating temperature in rubber products [ 13 ]. The energy dissipation equation reveals that the linear link between dynamic lag loss (tan δ) and the loss of energy given in the form of temperature rise, or loss modulus (E″) [ 14 ], where is the energy dissipation, σ 0 is the stress amplitude, t is time, ε 0 is the strain amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, δ is the phase difference between strain and stress, E″ is the loss modulus, and tan δ is the dynamic lag loss. Evidently, ∆E is proportional to E″ for an equal strain.…”

“…Fang and coworkers [ 14 ] studied the crosslink density of rubber compounds filled with different amounts of Si-69. The networks among coupling agent, silica, and polymers become more and more intensive, which increases the crosslink density of rubber compounds.…”