The research status, potential hazards and toxicological mechanisms of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the environment

Abstract

Fluoroquinolone antibioticsare widely used in pharmaceuticals and personal care products due to their disease treatment, growth promotion, and prophylaxis, which lead to increasing biological exposure to fluoroquinolones in the global environment. This paper recapitulates the occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in various environmental media. The toxicity effect and mechanism are also reviewed based on in vitro and in vivo experiments, referring to many organisms, such as microorganisms, cells, higher plants, land and aquatic animals. The combined toxicity effect and coexisting characteristics of fluoroquinolone antibiotics absorbed with other chemicals to organisms in various environmental matrices are also summarized. The current knowledge gaps, further research interests and toxicity mechanisms of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in the environment have been discussed in this research.

Ln‐MOF‐Based Hydrogel Films with Tunable Luminescence and Afterglow Behavior for Visual Detection of Ofloxacin and Anti‐Counterfeiting Applications

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Fluoroquinolone antibiotics, especially ofloxacin (OFX), are often used as preventive and therapeutic drugs in the farming industry, but excessive and irrational use makes OFX to not only pollute water but also to remain in poultry meat, further leading to a series of environmental and food safety problems. [6][7][8][9] Since the human body does not readily metabolize OFX, its residues accumulate in the human blood to affect the normal metabolism, in part OXF is excreted into the DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311939 environment through urine and feces, posing a threat to plants and aquatic organisms. [10][11][12][13] To ensure food quality and safety, as well as environmental protection, the EU has established the maximum residue level for quinolones in animal tissues of 90 ppm.…”