The residual cognitive competence of elderly females

Aronson, H.; Vroonland, Joy P.

doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199309)49:5<724::aid-jclp2270490517>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Deficits in executive function are therefore likely to result in poorer achievement in these settings. Indeed, the quality of executive functioning is highly predictive of employability and competence in performing activities of daily living such as money management, cooking, medication administration, community utilization, and general social functioning (Aronson & Vroonland, 1993;Lysaker, Bell, & Beam-Goulet, 1995). If lead affects the cognitive foundations of these essential day-to-day tasks, then it would contribute to poor long-term outcomes for lead exposed children.…”

Section: The Human Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Lead Exposure, Executive Functioning, and Learning in Early Childhood

Canfield¹,

Kreher²,

Cornwell³

et al. 2003

Child Neuropsychology

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current paper presents evidence relating low-level lead exposure to impaired executive functioning in young children. Using the Shape School task, we assessed focused attention, attention switching, working memory, and the ability to inhibit automatic responses in a cohort of 170 children. Participants performed the Shape School task at both 48 and 54 months of age; the mean blood lead level was 6.49 microg/dl at 48 months. After controlling for a wide range of sociodemographic, prenatal, and perinatal variables, blood lead level was negatively associated with children's focused attention while performing the tasks, efficiency at naming colors, and inhibition of automatic responding. In addition, children with higher blood lead levels completed fewer phases of the task and knew fewer color and shape names. There was no association between blood lead and performance on the most difficult tasks, those requiring attention switching or the combination of inhibition and switching. Children's IQ scores were strongly associated with blood lead and Shape School performance, and when entered as a covariate, only color knowledge and the number of tasks completed remained significant. Results provide only weak support for impaired executive functioning, but the deficits in color knowledge may indicate a primary sensory deficit or difficulty with forming conditional associations, both implicating disruptions in dopamine system function.

show abstract

Section: The Human Prefrontal Cortex and Executive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Lead Exposure, Executive Functioning, and Learning in Early Childhood

Canfield¹,

Kreher²,

Cornwell³

et al. 2003

Child Neuropsychology

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Executive dysfunction can be manifested as impairments in various domains of daily functioning, including money management, social function, and resource utilization. 42 These skills are also necessary for employment, and the reduced capacity for work seen in individuals with schizophrenia is thought to result in part from impairments in executive function. 43 The neural circuitry responsible for executive functioning is located primarily in the frontal lobe, which is the source of five distinct neural circuits.…”

Section: Executive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neural Network Basis for Abnormalities of Attention and Executive Function in Major Depressive Disorder: Implications for Application of the Medical Disease Model to Psychiatric Disorders

Ottowitz

Dougherty

Savage

2002

Harv Rev Psychiatry

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The deficits in attention and executive function characteristic of major depressive disorder (MDD) are reviewed. The networks underlying attention and executive function, the neuropsychological tests commonly used to evaluate these domains, and the neuroanatomy of MDD are also discussed. A neural network approach to the attentional and executive function deficits of MDD has ramifications for hypothesis-guided research, the cognitive model of depression, and application of the medical disease model to psychiatric disorders.

show abstract

“…(Aronson & Vroonland, 1993;Axelrod, Goldman and Henry, 1992;Folstein, Folstein and McHugh, 1975). This test was given to older adults and was used to screen out those individuals who might have dementia (those scoring less than twenty four on the MMSE).…”

Section: Manipulation Of Explicitness Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 87%

Decision-making quality of younger and older adults in familiar and unfamiliar domains

Wayde

Black

Gilpin

2016

Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The older adult population of the United States is expected to increase substantially in the next twenty years. Working memory, one of the cognitive resources crucial for decision making, declines with age. The decline in working memory might have a negative effect on the quality of purchasing decisions that older adults make.However, older adults have greater experience than younger adults and may be able to use past knowledge or schemas to assist them in decision making. By using a schema in familiar situations, older adults can conserve cognitive resources and thereby make high quality decisions.In this study, age-related changes in decision-making were examined as a function of age and familiarity. Participants consisted of 55 younger adults and 46 older adults. Participants were presented with purchasing scenarios and asked to choose between two products described in the scenario. In each instance, inferencing was required to select the optimal option from the two choices. Domain knowledge about the to-be-purchased product was also manipulated.Results support the hypothesis that younger adults generally make good quality decisions regardless of the domain while older adults make better quality decisions in the familiar domain as opposed to the unfamiliar domain.Current findings suggest that although adult decision making ability is compromised with age, older adults are able to use existing domain knowledge of a specific area to compensate for the lack of cognitive resources in order to make high quality decisions.

show abstract

The residual cognitive competence of elderly females

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Low-Level Lead Exposure, Executive Functioning, and Learning in Early Childhood

Low-Level Lead Exposure, Executive Functioning, and Learning in Early Childhood

The Neural Network Basis for Abnormalities of Attention and Executive Function in Major Depressive Disorder: Implications for Application of the Medical Disease Model to Psychiatric Disorders

Decision-making quality of younger and older adults in familiar and unfamiliar domains

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About