The resistance againstTrichinella spiralisinfection induced by primary infection with respiratory syncytial virus

Abstract

Human infections withTrichinella spiralisand respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are common, asT. spiralisinfections are re-emerging in various parts of the world and RSV infections remain a threat for infants. Yet, studies investigating the relationship pertaining to the two are severely lacking. In particular, immune response inductionviaRSV andT. spiralisremain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the resistance againstT. spiralisinfection induced upon primary infection with RSV. RSV, notorious for causing severe inflammatory reaction in the lungs, were intranasally infected, followed with aT. spiralisinfection in mice. Our results revealed that primary RSV infection in mice significantly raisedT. spiralis-specific and total IgE, IgG and its subclass antibody responses uponT. spiralischallenge infection (RSV-Ts). Blood eosinophil levels were decreased in RSV-Ts, accompanied with significant increase in both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Antibodies generated against RSV in RSV-infected mice were found to react withT. spiralisexcretory/secretory antigen, showing several bands determined through immunoblotting. RSV-Ts also had a marked reduction ofT. spiralisworm burden in diaphragm. These results indicate that immune responses induced by RSV infection contribute to resistance against subsequentT. spiralisinfection.

Trichinella-induced immunomodulation: Another tale of helminth success

“…Moreover, T. spiralis downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines e.g., nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the inflammatory cellular infiltration in the lung as well as increased the antioxidant enzyme expression e.g.,NAD( P )H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) which decreased the RSV oxidative stress in coinfected mice with subsequent improvement of lung inflammation ( Chu et al, 2020 ). Vice versa, Chu et al (2019) indicated that immune responses induced by RSV infection contribute to resistance against subsequent T. spiralis infection.…”

Previous Infection with Plasmodium berghei Confers Resistance to Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Mice

“…CD4 + and CD8 + T cells populations from splenocytes of mice at 1-month post-challenge infection were analyzed by flow cytometry. Splenocytes (1×10 6 cell/ml) in staining buffer (2% bovine serum albumin and 0.1% sodium azide in 0.1 M PBS) were incubated for 15 min at 4°C with Fc Block (clone 2.4G2; BD Biosciences) [19]. For surface staining, cells were incubated with surface antibodies (CD3e-PE-Cy5, CD4-FITC, CD8a-PE, BD Biosciences) at 4°C for 30 min.…”