The resistance growing trend of common gramnegative bacteria to the potential antibiotics over three consecutive years: a single center experience in Bangladesh

Abstract

The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance is a global emergence. The susceptibility of the most common gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are reducing day-by-day to potential antibiotics as a result of different enzymatic and non-enzymatic resistancemechanisms of bacteria and disseminating the resistance-gene throughout the intra and inter-bacterial communities rapidly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance developing trends of common GNB against the potential antibiotics over three consecutive years (2016, 2017 and 2018) in a single center of Bangladesh. The resistance pattern of meropenem, amikacin, ceftazidime and cefepime was fluctuated to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in year-to-year pattern and the overall sensitivity reducing trend was observed among those GNB to the selected potential antibiotics. Polymyxin B and colistin was found with relatively higher sensitivity trend to these GNB, but resistance to Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii was relatively higher. Ceftazidime was found always with a negative sensitivity trend to Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where others had positive sensitivity trend. Oppositely, amikacin and cefepime was found with highest positive sensitivity trend to P. aeruginosa (6.0 and 7.0, respectively). These resistance scenarios were found locally, but represented the severity of this crisis worldwide. Resistance developing trend is not limited to the few last resort antibiotics including polymyxin B and colistin. Awareness in antibiotics use, rational use and prescription of antibiotics, restriction of antibiotics in agriculture and livestock etc. are the urgent steps required to tackle this emergence.

Tackling antimicrobial resistance in Bangladesh: A scoping review of policy and practice in human, animal and environment sectors

“…More than 80% of MRSA isolates are also found to be sensitive to some macrolides (tobramycin, gentamycin) and carbapenem (meropenem) with resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefixime and azithromycin [46]. Antibiogram from a private sector tertiary hospital over three years (2016)(2017)(2018) shows that the last resort antimicrobials (Polymyxin B and Colistin) retained their high sensitivity to Klebsiella, Psudomonos, and E. coli [47]. A review by GARP-Bangladesh National Working Group provided a descriptive analysis of the AMR situation in different sectors along with recommendations [48].…”

Association of Virulence with Antimicrobial Resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospital Settings in Bangladesh

“…pneumoniae toward colistin. [ 20 ] One systematic review in Bangladesh reported 18.8% median resistance to colistin which ranged from 0% to 21.4%. [ 19 ] It may be due to the increased use of these drugs in clinical settings coupled with the horizontal transfer of genetic elements including resistance genes.…”

Perception of Students on Antibiotic Resistance and Prevention: An Online, Community-Based Case Study from Dhaka, Bangladesh

“…Antibiotic resistance is widespread, and resistance among Gram-negative critical pathogens have reached alarming levels, and inappropriate antibiotic use has been identified as a major contributor to this phenomenon (Hasan et al, 2019). Bacteria evolved resistance against the antibacterial agents as et al, 2013).…”