THE RESISTANCE SPECTRUM OF A DIELDIIN‐RESSTRANT STRAIN OF THE BLOWFLY ( LUCILIA CUPRINA WIED.)

Dieldrin, aldrin and γBHC in kerosene were applied topically to adults of Cosmopolites sordidus (Germ.) collected from banana plantations with no history of insecticide application and from plantations that had been treated regularly with dieldrin for many years. Adults from the latter source were highly resistant to dieldrin and aldrin, while resistance to γBHC was lower; those from the former source were susceptible and the results could be used as base line data. Females collected in spring from two untreated plantations showed LD50 values for dieldrin varying by a factor of 1·5, while females collected in the spring were 1·7 times more susceptible than those collected in the autumn from the same plantation. A discriminating dose of 1 μl of 1·0% dieldrin per weevil is considered suitable for detecting resistant individuals.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Cyclodiene-BHC resistance in Cosmopolites sordidus (Germ.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in New South Wales, Australia

Edge

1974

“…Case (2) should resemble case (3) unless crossing-over allowed recombination, so that heterozygotes and suseeptibles could appear. Busvine & Shanahan (1961).…”

Section: Discussion Of Results With Musca Domesticamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Australian resistant.-A laboratory-selected colony of the original field strain was sent to London in 1959 and has been maintained here since then. It was used for toxicological tests by Busvine & Shanahan (1961).…”

Section: (B) Lucilia Cuprinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetical studies on dieldrin-resistance in Musca domestica L. and Lucilia cuprina (Wied.)

Guneidy

Busvine

1964

Self Cite

The mode of inheritance of dieldrin-resistance in house-flies, Musca domestica L., was investigated by crossing experiments, using a selected, inbred resistant colony (R) and a normally susceptible one (N). Levels of susceptibility in both colonies and in various hybrids derived from them were determined by treating batches of flies with different concentrations of dieldrin by topical application.Reciprocal crosses gave closely similar results, which were pooled. Results obtained with males and females were analogous, but were treated separately. The F1 hybrids were intermediate in resistance and the F2 generation segregated into susceptible, hybrid and resistant individuals in the ratio 1:2:1. The F1 generation back-crossed to either parental strain gave 1:1 segregation, corresponding to NN + NR or NR + RR. After killing the more dieldrin-susceptible forms in each case, the remaining males were back-crossed again. The second back-cross to normal gave a further 1:1 segregation of susceptibles and hybrids. The second back-cross to resistant now gave all homozygous resistant forms.These results strongly indicate monofactorial inheritance.Two highly dieldrin-resistant colonies of the sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) had been colonised, one from Australia and one from South Africa. These were crossed and the progeny maintained to the F2 generation. Tests with dieldrin on the F1 and F2 generations gave results resembling those obtained with the parents. Since there was no appearance of susceptible or hybrid forms in the F2, it is concluded that the genes in the two colonies occur on the same chromosome and are either allelic (possibly identical) or very closely linked.

“…It has been known for some years that resistance to y BHC is linked with that towards chlorinated cyclodiene insecticides and chlorinated terpenes (Busvine, 1954). Determinations of resistance levels * to certain compounds of this resistance group in strains of various species of insects have revealed considerable similarity in their ' resistance spectra ' (Busvine & Shanahan, 1961). Nearly always, resistance was lowest to y BHC, intermediate to endrin and isodrin and highest towards dieldrin, aldrin and /8-chlordane (see Table I).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This order is independent of the particular insecticide used to select the resistant strain and it suggests the existence of a common resistance mechanism present in these different species. Data for Musca from Busvine (1954); for Anopheles, from Davidson (1958); for Aedes, personal communication from Mr. A. M. Guneidy; for Pediculus, from Busvine & Lien (1961); for Cimex, from Busvine (1958); for Lucilia, from Busvine & Shanahan (1961); for Blattella, from Cochran (1961).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The significance of BHC degradation in resistant house-flies

Busvine

Townsend

1963

Self Cite

Resistance to γ BHC and dieldrin in various insects usually gives a characteristic resistance spectrum, probably indicating a common defence mechanism. Resistant house-flies (Musca domestica L.) are slightly anomalous in showing greater tolerance of γ BHC than of endrin and isodrin, unlike other resistant strains. A possible explanation is that they can develop an additional defence, specific towards γ BHC, as well as the usual group resistance. This might well be enhanced enzymatic degradation of BHC, which is known to occur in flies, but was not found in resistant strains of Anopheles gambiae Giles or Cimex lectularius L.To confirm this hypothesis the rates of BHC elimination were measured in normal and two resistant strains of flies and also in normal and resistant strains of Lucilia cuprina (Wied.) (which showed the more usual resistance spectrum). To avoid toxic effects, the non-insecticidal α BHC was used and its elimination after six hours measured in extracts by gas chromatography. The two resistant fly strains showed significantly increased degradation of BHC, correlated with their greater γ BHC resistance, whereas rates were about the same in normal flies and the two strains of L. cuprina.