The resources construct in cognitive development: Diverse sources of evidence and a theory of inefficient inhibition

Bjorklund, David F.; Harnishfeger, Katherine Kipp

doi:10.1016/0273-2297(90)90004-n

Cited by 354 publications

(256 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…We hypothesized that the cross-modal Stroop effect would be seen over a wider range of SA in children than in adults, owing to differences in information-processing speed (Kail, 1991(Kail, , 1992, coupled with less efficient suppression mechanisms (Bjorklund & Harnishfeger, 1990;Livesey & Morgan, 1991;Tipper, Bourque, Anderson, & Brehaut, 1989). In one condition, the color patch occurred simultaneously with the distractor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental change in the cross-modal Stroop effect

Hanauer

Brooks

2003

Perception & Psychophysics

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental change in the cross-modal Stroop effect

Hanauer

Brooks

2003

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Previous research revealed that immature inhibitory abilities in young children contribute to deficits in executing efficient strategic behavior (Björklund & Harnishfeger, 1990;Harnishfeger, 1995;P. H. Miller, 1994).…”

Section: Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Group Differences in Set-Switching and Set-Maintenance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Huizinga

Molen

2007

Developmental Neuropsychology

115

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“…For instance, children tend to show a slower development of automaticity (Ruitenberg, Abrahamse, & Verwey, 2013) and of movement representations (Gabbard, Caçola, & Bobbio, 2011). In addition, children appear to be more vulnerable to interference from distracters relative to adults (Bjorklund & Harnishfeger, 1990;Davidson, Amso, Anderson, & Diamond, 2006;Ordaz, Davis, & Luna, 2010). Also, children differ from adults in their capacity for top-down control of attention (Karatekin, 2004;Wendelken, Baym, Gazzaley, & Bunge, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's learning of tennis skills is facilitated by external focus instructions

Hadler¹,

Chiviacowsky²,

Wulf³

et al. 2014

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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Abstract-The present study examined the effects of instructions promoting external versus internal foci of attention on the learning of a tennis forehand stroke in 11-year old children. Three groups of participants practiced hitting tennis balls at a target. External focus group participants were instructed to direct their attention to the movement of the racquet, while participants in the internal focus group were asked to direct their attention to the movements of their arm. Participants in a control group did not receive attentional focus instructions. Two days after the practice phase (60 trials), learning was assessed in retention and transfer tests. The results showed that the external focus group demonstrated greater accuracy in hitting a target relative to the two other groups in retention, and relative to the internal focus group in transfer. We conclude that instructions inducing an external focus of attention can enhance children's sport skill learning. Keywords: motor learning, attention, childhood, sportsResumo-"Aprendizagem de habilidades do tênis em crianças é facilitada por instruções de foco externo." O presente estudo examinou os efeitos de instruções promovendo foco de atenção externo versus interno na aprendizagem da rebatida de forehand do tênis em crianças de 11 anos de idade. Três grupos de participantes praticaram a tarefa. Os participantes do grupo de foco externo foram instruídos a direcionar a atenção para os movimentos da raquete, enquanto os participantes no grupo de foco interno a direcionar a atenção aos movimentos do braço. Participantes do grupo controle não receberam instruções de foco de atenção. Dois dias após a prática (60 tentativas) a aprendizagem foi avaliada através de testes de retenção e transferência. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo de foco externo apresentou maior precisão em relação aos dois outros grupos na retenção e em relação ao grupo de foco interno na transferência. Conclui-se que instruções induzindo foco externo de atenção pode melhorar a aprendizagem de habilidades esportivas em crianças. Palavras-chave: aprendizagem motora, atenção, infância, esportesResumen-"Aprendizaje de habilidades del tenis en los niños es facilitada por instrucciones con foco externo." El presente estudio examinó los efectos de las instrucciones con foco de atención interno frente a externo en el aprendizaje de "forehand" del tenis en niños. Tres grupos de participantes practicaron la tarea. Los participantes en el grupo de foco externo fueron instruidos para dirigir la atención a los movimientos de la raqueta, mientras que los participantes en el grupo de foco interno a poner la atención a los movimientos del brazo. El grupo control no recibió instrucciones de foco de atención. Dos días después el aprendizaje se evaluó mediante pruebas de retención y transferencia. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo de foco externo presentó mayor precisión en relación con los otros grupos en la retención y al grupo de foco interno en la transferencia. Llegamos a la conclusión de que las ins...

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The resources construct in cognitive development: Diverse sources of evidence and a theory of inefficient inhibition

Cited by 354 publications

References 51 publications

Developmental change in the cross-modal Stroop effect

Developmental change in the cross-modal Stroop effect

Age-Group Differences in Set-Switching and Set-Maintenance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

Children's learning of tennis skills is facilitated by external focus instructions

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