The Respiration Climacteric in Apple Fruits

Hulme, A. C.; Jones, J. D.; Wooltorton, L. S. C.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1965.tb05383.x

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The fruit (var. Cox's Orange Pippin) and the precautions taken to prevent loss by wind and birds during the later stages of growth have already been described (Hulme et al, 1965). Samples were picked in eight sets before and during the period of the climacteric rise on the tree.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of the mitochondrial fraction and the measurement of the various activities of the mitochondria were exactly as described by Hulme et al (1965). M.E.…”

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…M.E. and carboxylase preparations were isolated from the supernatant solution from the mitochondrial fractions and the activities were measured as described by Hulme et al (1965). Chemicals.…”

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemicals. All chemicals used were as described by Hulme et al (1963Hulme et al ( , 1965. Expression of results.…”

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…those linking the various picks) are those given by Hulme et al (1965) with the scales adjusted to enable the storage results to be more readily separated for identification on the graphs.…”

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Respiration Climacteric in Apple Fruits

Jones¹,

Hulme²,

Wooltorton³

1965

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe activities of various mitochondrial enzymes in the peel of apples picked before the climacteric peak in respiration (R), were followed throughout the development of the climacteric in storage at 12° C; they showed an increase to the climacteric peak and beyond. In pulp tissue the peak values for mitochondrial activity occurred several days before the peak value of R. The soluble enzyme, malic enzyme (M.E.), reached a maximum in both peel and pulp at a point very close to the maximum value of R, while pyruvic carboxylase continued to rise past the climacteric peak.In fruit picked during the development of the climacteric on the tree and stored at 12° C, mitochondrial activity tended to follow changes in R; in the pulp a falling rate of mitochondrial activity probably commenced somewhat before the commencement of a fall in R. M.E. activity increased rapidly on picking in the early stages of the climacteric but little further increase occurred either in peel or pulp when fruit was picked near the point of maximum activity on the tree. This maximum activity on the tree was reached well before the peak in R and corresponded in time with the maximum rate of R ever reached in detached fruit.It is concluded that an increase in activity of M.E. and carboxylase is largely responsible for the climacteric rise in R up to the maximum rate attained in detached fruit, and that the excess respiration above this value 'on' the tree stems from other sources.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation of the mitochondrial fraction and the measurement of the various activities of the mitochondria were exactly as described by Hulme et al (1965). M.E.…”

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemicals. All chemicals used were as described by Hulme et al (1963Hulme et al ( , 1965. Expression of results.…”

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Respiration Climacteric In Apples I6imentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Respiration Climacteric in Apple Fruits

Jones¹,

Hulme²,

Wooltorton³

1965

New Phytologist

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Ripening of Apples during Storage I.—Introduction

Knee

1971

J Sci Food Agric

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Ripening of apples during storage: III.—Changes in chemical composition of Golden Delicious apples during the climacteric and under conditions simulating commercial storage practice

Knee

1971

J Sci Food Agric

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Knee: Rbening of Appfes during Storage. III 371 necessary to study metabolic processes in supranormal C02 concentrations.There is no reason to suppose from other work with plant tissues that a concentration of 5 % CO2 would have an inhibitory effect on decarboxylative or other enzymes in the glycolytic pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.8-10 However, the reactions catalysed by malic enzyme are readily reversible and C02 fixation occurs in McIntosh apples stored in gas mixtures containing carbon dioxide.11 There is no evidence of acid accumulation in apples stored under such conditions, though it is possible that acid could be dissimilated in other pathways.In support of previous finding@ no marked change in whole fruit or peel respiration followed the onset of ethylene production in fruits stored at 3 . 5 "~. This event in itself implies a change in the metabolic state of the fruit, in that a new synthetic pathway becomes operative. The onset of ethylene production was little delayed by a decrease of temperature from 12"c to 3 . 5 "~ but much delayed in 2% 0 2 and more so in 5 % COz/3 % 0 2 .Discussion of the relationship between respiratory meta-bolism, and ethylene production and chemical changes in the fruit will be made in a later paper of this series's Golden Delicious apples were harvestedpre-climacteric and samples of fruit were stored in air at 12"c, air at 3.5'c, 5 % COa/3% 0 2 at 3.5"~ and2% Ozat 3 . 5 "~. Chlorophyllanrlcarotenoidin the fruitpeel, alcohol-soluble carbohydrate, titratable acidity and polysaccharide components of the alcohol-insoluble residue of the fruit cortex were estimated after periods of storage.In fruit stored in air at 12°C chlorophyll decreased and carotenoid increased rapidly, neutral pectic polysaccharides decreased and soluble polyuronide increased in the early stages of storage. At 3.5"~ the pigment changes were retarded and further so in the modified atmosphere; loss of neutralpolysaccharides occurred rapidly at first under all conditions but was arrested in 5% C 0~/ 3 % 02; increase of soluble polyuronide occurred with little delay at 3 . 5 "~ in air, after 113 days in 2% 0 2 and was not observed in 5 % COz13 % 0 2 . Loss of sugar and acid were retarded at the lower temperature and further retarded by modified atmospheres.The implications of these results for commercial storage are discussed and an attempt is made to relate them in the developmentalphysiolog) of appk fruits.

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The Respiration Climacteric in Apple Fruits

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

The Respiration Climacteric in Apple Fruits

The Respiration Climacteric in Apple Fruits

Ripening of Apples during Storage I.—Introduction

Ripening of apples during storage: III.—Changes in chemical composition of Golden Delicious apples during the climacteric and under conditions simulating commercial storage practice

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