The Respiration of Barley Plants

Yemm, E. W.; Willis, A. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1956.tb05283.x

Cited by 126 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Total nitrogen was determined in dry tissues by the method of Yemm & Willis (1956) using micro-Kjeldal method. Estimation of total protein was done according to the method of Lowry et al Egypt.…”

Section: Assay Of Total Nitrogen and Total Protein Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Industrial Effluents Polluting the Ismailia Water Canal on Growth and Metabolic Responses of Pisum sativum Seedlings

Ahmed

Hanafy

2017

Egypt. J. Bot.

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T HE AIM of this work was to evaluate the impact of sources of waste water pollution on Ismailia canal and irrigated plants. The industrial sources along Ismailia canal produce large wastes that disturb the environmental balance. This study was based on investigating the growth and biochemical characteristics of Pisum sativum seedlings irrigated with industrial waste water collected from three selected stations of Ismailia canal. Results revealed an enrichment of organic matter and heavy metals in polluted water. Irrigation of plants using waste water affected germination, physiological, biochemical and growth characteristics of Pisum sativum. Irrigation with polluted water reduced photosynthetic pigments, total nitrogen and proteins in plant. Uptake and translocation of heavy metals and metal ions were higher in the polluted Pisum sativum which produced more metabolites to combat metal toxicity. High activity of antioxidant enzymes (Catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase), the contents of soluble sugars, anthocyanine, proline and new protein bands were induced.

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Section: Assay Of Total Nitrogen and Total Protein Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Industrial Effluents Polluting the Ismailia Water Canal on Growth and Metabolic Responses of Pisum sativum Seedlings

Ahmed

Hanafy

2017

Egypt. J. Bot.

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“…Furthermore, there is a marked effect of the uptake of both nitrate and ammonium ions on root respiration (Yemm and Willis 1956) which does not appear to be involved with the assimilation of these ions. From their data (Table 3) the carbohydrate requirement appeared to be of the order of 2 : I, although this may be abnormal as they were using excised roots.…”

Section: (D) the Assimilation Of Combined Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Carbohydrate Requirements for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: A "Whole-Plant" Growth Analysis Approach

Gibson¹

1966

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryAn examination was made of the carbohydrate requirements for the establishment and function of the legume-root nodule symbiosis in Trifolium subterraneum L. The method adopted involved the use of relative growth rates in order to minimize the effect of time and initial differences in plant size. Essential factors in this approach were (i) that the nodulated plants and ammonium nitrate-supplied control plants assimilated nitrogen at the same relative rate, and (ii) that both sets of plants has similar initial photosynthetic capacity.During the period of active nitrogen fixation, the carbohydrate requirements (C.R.) for fixation and nodule maintenance ranged from 3·2 mg carbohydrate per 1 mg nitrogen fixed (i.e. C.R. = 3·2: 1) down to -3·0: 1, such values being relative to the carbohydrate requirement for the assimilation of combined nitrogen by control plants. Statistically, it was not possible to show that the values differed from a zero requirement. Using three host varieties and two strains of nodule bacteria, the overall mean was 0·7 : 1. Previously used methods for determining the carbohydrate requirement for symbiotic nitrogen fixation were discussed.Differences in the carbohydrate requirements were found for different bacterial strains nodulating the same host variety; the relative positions of these strains changed with different host varieties.While the plants were first forming nodules, and during the early stages of nitrogen fixation, the carbohydrate consumption by the nodulated plants was greater than that observed in the control plants. This affected the shoots more than the roots, and contributed to absolute differences in dry weight between control and nodulated plants in the later stages of growth.The carbohydrate requirement for the assimilation of combined nitrogen was also considered.

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“…With extended amnmonium nutrition major alterations in protein metabolism occur. Workers have noted (4,34) that in plants treated with amnmonium, the synthesis of inso!uble nitrogen compounds within the leaves levelled off and eventually showed a small decrease; subsequently, soluble nitrogen increased. Barker et al (4) showed that the high concentrations of the soluble nitrogen compounds accumulating under ammon.um niutrition wrere largely derived from endogenous sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure and Function of Tomato Leaf Chloroplasts During Ammonium Toxicity

1967

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Sumnmiiary. Ammonium toxicity resulted in morphological modifications of tomato leaf chloroplasts. The chloroplasts, which are normally flattened around the protoplast periphery, became ellipsoidally rounded and dispersed through the protoplasm. The first apparent effect of plastid degradation was development of many vesicles from the fretwork. Later the grana lamellae swelled, and some disappeared. Eventually, distinct grana could not be detected.Ammonium accumulation, chlorophyll loss, and photosynthetic decrease occurred simultaneously. Initial changes in these processes preceded the detection of modifications of fine structure; however, each continued with further breakdown of the chloroplasts.In many higher plants prolonged application of ammonium as a source of nitrogen leads to serious physiological and morphological -disorders resulting in chlorosis, restricted growth, and in some cases death (4,5,10,29,30 morpho'ogical changes. The symptoms of ammoniumii toxicity suggest that morphological changes mighlt occur in the chloroplasts. Chlorosis of plants treatecl with ammonium has been reported to occur in conjunct.on with an imbalance between the soluble and insoluble nitrogen compounds (4). Chlorophyll synthesis has been shown to be dependent on protesn synthesis (16). Within the leaves of higher plants, the majority of proteins are chloroplastic (19. 35) and exist in a state of turnover. The (proteins of chloroplasts are found in the stroma and in the co;viplex system of lamellar memnbranes of lipoprotein (31). The organization of the lamel]ar network of the chloroplast is dependent on the cellular environment of the leaf (7,14,20,24), particularly the nutrient composition. It was felt that an ultrastructural examination of the clhloroplasts of plants treated with ammonium would provide an indication of the morphological aspects of ammonium toxicity and permit further correlation between morphological features and physiological symptoms of ammonium toxicity. Materials and MethodsTomato plants (Lycopcrsicon escdlenthm Mill., cv. Heinz 1350) were chosen for this study because they deve'op ammloniumn toxicity symptoms rapidly and sequentaliv. Seecds were sown in flats of soil, and the seedlings were grown for 5)weeks in a greenhouse. The vcung plants were then tranisplanted into 8-inch l'astic pots containiing a 1:1 mixture of coarse and f:ne silica sand ancl were treated with Hoagland's.

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The Respiration of Barley Plants

Cited by 126 publications

References 57 publications

Effects of Industrial Effluents Polluting the Ismailia Water Canal on Growth and Metabolic Responses of Pisum sativum Seedlings

Effects of Industrial Effluents Polluting the Ismailia Water Canal on Growth and Metabolic Responses of Pisum sativum Seedlings

The Carbohydrate Requirements for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: A "Whole-Plant" Growth Analysis Approach

Structure and Function of Tomato Leaf Chloroplasts During Ammonium Toxicity

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