The response of aerospace composites to temperature and humidity

Jones, Frank R.; Foreman, Joel P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-85709-523-7.00012-8

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Other researchers have also investigated the influence of hygrothermal conditions on damage of carbon/epoxy laminates and reported similar degradation effects. [5,27] The degradation in various mechanical properties of GFRP composites in sea water at different ambient temperature is listed in Table 2.…”

Section: Effect Of Water Absorption On Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported that under hot/wet environment, the maximum moisture absorption of GFRP laminates is within the range of 0.75–0.86% which may be achieved at about 250‐day aging. [ 27 ] Immersion in water at high temperature for prolonged period leads to decrease in tensile strength and ductility [ 28 ] and interfacial adhesion [ 10 ] of glass/epoxy composites.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Water Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Thermo‐Mechanical Durability of Glass Fiber/Polymer Composites in Water

Priyadarshini

Kumar

Kaithwas³

et al. 2023

Macromolecular Symposia

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Glass fiber/polymer composites find extensive application in marine industry; however, the durability of theses marine structures has always been a matter of concern owing to their continuous exposure to harsh marine environment. The objective of this study is to consolidate and analyze the work that has been carried out so far, primarily focusing on the influence of the marine-environment characteristics on water absorption and its subsequent impact on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced composites. It is found that immersion time and operational temperature are the two prominent factors that influence the durability of these polymer composites. Moisture causes reversible changes such as plasticization and irreversible changes such as hydrolysis, cracking, and crazing which subsequently exerts a detrimental effect on the physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of epoxy resins. During the initial stage of water absorption, the moisture content increased rapidly with the immersion time, and then it increased slowly as the immersion time stretched until the moisture content in the specimen reached a saturation level. Prolong exposure in water not only led to a substantial deterioration in static mechanical properties; it also altered the mode of failure from a brittle matrix-ductile fiber to ductile matrix-brittle fiber.

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Section: Effect Of Water Absorption On Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting Water Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Thermo‐Mechanical Durability of Glass Fiber/Polymer Composites in Water

Priyadarshini

Kumar

Kaithwas³

et al. 2023

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…These results indicate that the tablets were not stable at higher temperature and humidity conditions because increased moisture content can cause a chemical reaction between acid and alkali in effervescent tablets, resulting in premature activation of effervescence reaction and degradation of the product. Additionally, elevated temperature and humidity create a more favorable environment for moisture absorption [80], resulting in increased levels of moisture within the tablet's formulations. Consequently, the friability of tablets in this study decreased.…”

Section: Friabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Effervescent Cleansing Tablets Containing Asiatic-Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles

Mang Sung Thluai,

Titapiwatanakun,

Ruksiriwanich

et al. 2023

Cosmetics

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The objective of this study was to develop effervescent cleansing tablets that can be dissolved and turned into liquid soap, which can be used for bathing or soaking the body. The asiatic-acid-loaded solid lipid microparticles (AASLMs) were prepared via the hot emulsification method followed by cold re-solidification and then freeze-dried to obtained dry powder. The physicochemical properties such as morphology and % entrapment efficiency (%EE) were evaluated. The results revealed that AASLMs have an irregular shape, and the %EE for the resulting AASLMs was 92.04 ± 3.43%. The tablets were manufactured via the direct compression technique. The compatibility test was conducted to ensure that the excipients are compatible with the active ingredient. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, and Hausner’s ratio were studied to evaluate the flowability of the powder blend before compression. The weight of each tablet was set to 1000 mg, and physicochemical characteristics, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo cleansing efficacy, and stability were evaluated. The results showed that the active ingredient was compatible with other excipients, as the results obtained from FTIR spectra indicated the absence of potential chemical interaction between the active ingredient and excipients used in this study. Additionally, all formulations had good flow properties. The effervescence times of selected formulations, F2 and F3, were <5 min, with favorable pH and hardness values. The friability values of all formulations exceeded 1% because the excipients used in effervescent tablets are very fragile. The release of asiatic acid (AA) from the tablets was dependent on the concentration of SLS. In an ex vivo test, it was discovered that the developed products F2 and F3 showed much more effective cleansing efficacy than water. Nevertheless, brown spots appeared in the tablets and the AA content was significantly decreased in both tested formulations after 3 months’ storage at 40 ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5% RH. The stability study revealed that the developed products were not stable at high temperature and humidity. Therefore, it is recommended that the developed effervescent tablets are not stored at a high temperature.

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“…Then, the ultimate burst pressure of composite rings can be evaluated by using tensile stress as 25 In which ut and P ut are ultimate tensile stress and ultimate burst pressure, respectively. Also, ID represents inner diameter of the NOL-ring with thickness of t. According to equation (1), the ultimate burst pressure is calculated and plotted in Figure 5. It should be noted that !…”

Section: Internal Burst Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satellites and other aeronautical vehicles are exposed to space environment during long-term missions, where cyclic temperature variation is inevitable. 1,2 Due to this, it is very crucial to choose and analyze suitable materials as structural elements. A wealth of available researches suggest that composites can be a perfect choice due to their light weight and reliable thermomechanical features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new insight into impact of thermal cycling on the un-notched and circular hole polymeric composite rings via naval ordnance laboratory-ring test

Ghasemi

Tabatabaeian

Moradi

2020

Journal of Composite Materials

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In this paper, different mechanical responses of polymer matrix composite rings under thermal cycling are analyzed. The polymer matrix composite rings are classified to un-notched and open-hole specimens and tested based on the naval ordnance laboratory-ring tensile test method. Internal pressure, fracture and surface degradation changes as a function of the hole diameter and number of cycles are investigated. Experimental results suggest that specimens with larger hole radius have more mechanical property variations during thermal cycling. Also, it is revealed that the mechanical properties of laminates degrade as a function of the number of cycles and the hole diameter. The results also demonstrate that long splitting fiber breakage is the main mode for the failure of un-notched specimens, whereas fiber breakage and fiber matrix debonding are the two main modes for the failure of open-hole specimens. Finally, a multiple regression model is proposed to predict the tensile response of un-notched and open-hole polymer matrix composite rings subjected to thermal cycling condition.

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The response of aerospace composites to temperature and humidity

Cited by 9 publications

References 31 publications

A Review on Thermo‐Mechanical Durability of Glass Fiber/Polymer Composites in Water

A Review on Thermo‐Mechanical Durability of Glass Fiber/Polymer Composites in Water

Development of Effervescent Cleansing Tablets Containing Asiatic-Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles

A new insight into impact of thermal cycling on the un-notched and circular hole polymeric composite rings via naval ordnance laboratory-ring test

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