The response of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, to progressive hypoxia: fish swimming speed and physiological stress

Herbert, Neill A.; Steffensen, John F.

doi:10.1007/s00227-005-0003-8

Cited by 171 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The lack of evidence to suggest that the fish were physiologically challenged by chronic hypoxia is consistent with earlier observations that the three-spined stickleback is a relatively hypoxia tolerant species (Jones 1964); the level of hypoxia tested in this study (4.4 kPa DO, 12°C, 2.2 mg l -1 ) is known to cause significant physiological stress to several other teleost fishes (Johansen et al 2006;Bernier et al 1996;Herbert and Steffensen 2005). However, this finding is somewhat in contrast to Sneddon and Yerbury's (2004) who reported significantly elevated WB lactate in sticklebacks from both a Scottish pond and river after seven days of exposure to the same level of DO.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effects of acute and chronic hypoxia on cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in different populations of three-spined stickleback

O’Connor

Pottinger

Sneddon

2010

Fish Physiol Biochem

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Article (refereed)O'Connor, E.A.; Pottinger, T.G.; Sneddon, L.U.. 2011 The effects of acute and chronic hypoxia on cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in different populations of three-spined stickleback. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37 (3). 461-469. 10.1007/s10695-010-9447-y Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trade marks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. ABSTRACTThe response of individuals from three different populations of three-spined sticklebacks to acute and chronic periods of hypoxia (4.4 kPa DO, 2.2 mg l -1 ) were tested using measures of whole-body (WB) cortisol, glucose and lactate. Although there was no evidence of a neuroendocrine stress response to acute hypoxia, fish from the population least likely to experience hypoxia in their native habitat had the largest response to low oxygen, with significant evidence of anaerobic glycolysis after two hours of hypoxia. However, there was no measurable effect of a more prolonged period (seven days) of hypoxia on any of the fish in this study, suggesting that they acclimated to this low level of oxygen over time. Between-population differences in the analytes tested were observed in the control fish of the acute hypoxia trial, which had been in the laboratory for 16 days. However, these differences were not apparent among the control fish in the chronic exposure groups that had been held in the laboratory for 23 days suggesting that these site-specific trends in physiological status were acclimatory. Overall, the results of this study suggest that local environmental conditions may shape sticklebacks' general physiological profile as well as influencing their response to hypoxia. 2 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 Reduced dissolved oxygen (DO) in the water is an important environmental stressor for fish. Periods of low DO, or hypoxia, can occur as a result of many factors such as eutrophication, elevated ambient temperature and algal blooms. With climate-related warming of freshwater bodies predicted to continue (Bates et al. 2008;Johnson et al. 2009), a greater understanding of the response of fish species to consequent environmental factors such as hypoxia could prove beneficial (Gitay et al. 2002). The three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is a highly adaptable teleost fish, ubiquitous throughout temperate regions of the Northern hemisphere. Their small size, widedistribution, short generation time and ease of care in captivity have made them a popular study species across a number of different disciplines including ecology, toxicology and molecular biology (Barber and Nettleship 2010; Katsiadaki et al. 2007;Colosimo et al. 2005). However, relatively little is known about how these fish respond to hypoxic stress.Previous studies indicate that the three-...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The effects of acute and chronic hypoxia on cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in different populations of three-spined stickleback

O’Connor

Pottinger

Sneddon

2010

Fish Physiol Biochem

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“…However, whether such changes can be used as an indicator of poor or good welfare are species and context dependent (Herbert and Steffensen 2005).…”

Section: Individual Swimming Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, reduced dissolved oxygen levels (hypoxia) can reduce the swimming speeds and activity of a number of species including white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus (Crocker and Cech 1997) and Atlantic cod (Schurmann and Steffensen 1994;Herbert and Steffensen 2005). This reduced activity may enable fish to survive prolonged and widespread exposure to hypoxic conditions (Crocker and Cech 1997).…”

Section: Individual Swimming Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish

Martins¹,

Galhardo²,

Noble³

et al. 2011

Current Views on Fish Welfare

120

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Behaviour represents a reaction to the environment as fish perceive it and is therefore a key element of fish welfare. This review summarises the main findings on how behavioural changes have been used to assess welfare in farmed fish, using both functional and feeling-based approaches. Changes in foraging behaviour, ventilatory activity, aggression, individual and group swimming behaviour, stereotypic and abnormal behaviour have been linked with acute and chronic stressors in aquaculture and can therefore be regarded as likely indicators of poor welfare. On the contrary, measurements of exploratory behaviour, feed anticipatory activity and rewardrelated operant behaviour are beginning to be considered as indicators of positive emotions and welfare in

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“…The behavioural avoidance and preference reactions of fish may therefore be just as important as physiology in allowing fish to survive and cope with environmental challenge ). In the event that escape is futile, fish can employ other behavioural strategies (such as a reduction in swimming activity) to delay the manifestation of stress under environmentally adverse conditions (Herbert & Wells 2001;Herbert & Steffensen 2005;Domenici et al 2013). Whilst physiology and behaviour have historically been considered in isolation, the Leigh Laboratory continues to provide a physical address for research that meld these traditionally separate fields with a simultaneous assessment of physiological and behavioural responses to environmental change.…”

Section: Reproductive Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fish physiology and ecology: the contribution of the Leigh Laboratory to the collision of paradigms

Pankhurst

Herbert

2013

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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The often pragmatic division of studies of function (physiology), and the regulation of distribution and abundance of organisms (ecology), as laboratory and field studies respectively, can create an unhelpful intellectual division that runs the risk of ignoring the interaction of physiology, behaviour and environment that regulates the lives of animals in the wild. This review examines the historical and current contribution of ecophysiological research conducted from the University of Auckland's Leigh Laboratory in bridging these paradigms, and generating new insights into animal function and community organisation. The assessment focuses on endocrine control processes, and metabolic and behavioural responses of fish to artificial and natural stressors, and examines tracks of future research needed to underpin understanding of likely effects of predicted environmental change on individuals and populations.

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The response of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, to progressive hypoxia: fish swimming speed and physiological stress

Cited by 171 publications

References 45 publications

The effects of acute and chronic hypoxia on cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in different populations of three-spined stickleback

The effects of acute and chronic hypoxia on cortisol, glucose and lactate concentrations in different populations of three-spined stickleback

Behavioural indicators of welfare in farmed fish

Fish physiology and ecology: the contribution of the Leigh Laboratory to the collision of paradigms

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