The response of electric field probes to realistic RF environments

Adamson, David; Bownds, Daniel; Fernandez, Alva; Goodall, Edward

doi:10.1109/mwsym.2010.5517119

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Hence, the accuracy of the measurements can be improved if a more appropriate reference system is taken. As stated in [12] and [13], broadband probes do not provide enough accuracy for measuring the radiation caused by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems, and thus, it is necessary to employ other instruments when the objective of the measurements is to obtain realistic values to be used, for example, in medical studies carried out for the characterization of the influence of specific signal levels on the human body, or in the design of network planning methodologies according to criteria based on the actual exposure conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

Fernández

Guerra

Gil

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Radiofrequency fields are usually measured in order to be compared with electromagnetic exposure limits defined by international standardization organizations with the aim of preserving the human health. However, in the case of WiFi technology, accurate measurement of the radiation coming from user terminals and access points is a great challenge due to the nature of these emissions, which are non-continuous signals transmitted in the form of pulses of short duration. Most of the methodologies defined up to now for determining WiFi exposure levels use or take as reference exposimeters, broadband probes and spectrum analyzers without taking into account that WiFi signals are not continuously transmitted. This leads to an overestimation of the radiation level that cannot be considered negligible when data of the actual exposure are needed. To avoid this, other procedures apply empirical weighting factors that account for the actual duration of burst transmissions. However, this implies the implementation of additional measurements for calculating the weighting factors, and thus, increases the complexity of the work. According to this, it was still necessary to define the frequency domain measurement setup that is optimal for obtaining realistic WiFi signal values, without requiring the performance of additional recordings. Thus, the definition of an appropriate methodology to achieve this goal was established as the main objective of this study. The set of tasks carried out to identify such configuration, as well as the limitations obtained for other measurement settings are deeply explained in this paper.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

Fernández

Guerra

Gil

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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The application research of electric field probes with pulse modulated fields

Xingxun¹,

Chengzu²,

Peng³

2014

Proceedings of 2014 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation

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The Effect of Diode Response of Electromagnetic Field Probes for the Measurements of Complex Signals

Nadakuduti

Kühn

Fehr

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat.

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Diode detectors present inside electromagnetic field probes are typically calibrated for linearity using continuous sinusoidal waveforms (CW). In this paper, it is shown that CW linearization is not adequate for the measurement of complex wireless communication signals with high peak-to-average power ratios. While previous analog and digital communication signals (1G and 2G) can be more easily corrected for linearity, newer 3G and 4G communication protocols employ complex modulations with stochastic signal envelopes. As a result, proper linearization depends on the diode response and signal characteristics, and large errors results if CW linearization is used. The errors introduced when measuring such signals with probes employing CW linearization are quantified in this paper. A numerical model of the diode response is provided and validated against measurements. Errors due to CW linearization can exceed 2 dB, whereas linearity errors within 0.4 dB are attainable using the proposed calibration procedures for even increased dynamic ranges.Index Terms-Dosimetry, electromagnetic field probes, specific absorption rate.

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The response of electric field probes to realistic RF environments

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

The application research of electric field probes with pulse modulated fields

The Effect of Diode Response of Electromagnetic Field Probes for the Measurements of Complex Signals

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