The response of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood to fungal invasion following attack by the sugi bark borer

Yamada, Toshihiro; Tamura, Hirotada; Mineo, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1016/0885-5765(88)90009-4

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Reaction zones that are drier than adjacent sapwood are more common to conifers ( Shain 1971 ; Yamada et al. 1987 , 1988) but the decrease is more accentuated than that found in E. nitens .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of reaction zones associated with decay from pruning wounds in plantation‐grown Eucalyptus nitens

Barry¹,

Pearce

Mohammed³

2000

Forest Pathology

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Summary Decay columns resulting from naturally infected pruning wounds in 5‐ to 8‐year‐old plantation‐grown Eucalyptus nitens in Tasmania are interfaced by a reaction zone in the sapwood. The reaction zone is blue‐purple in colour and occasionally associated with a white zone at the reaction zone/healthy sapwood interface. A log incubation experiment has shown that the reaction zone is particularly durable against decay. The reaction zone is significantly drier than healthy sapwood, with lower levels of potassium, and a lower pH than both sapwood and heartwood. The increased total phenols levels and abundant tyloses in the reaction zone may be particularly important in defence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Properties of reaction zones associated with decay from pruning wounds in plantation‐grown Eucalyptus nitens

Barry¹,

Pearce

Mohammed³

2000

Forest Pathology

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“…For example, catechin and salicin increased in willow wood infected by Erwinia salicis (Wong & Preece, 19786), and in ash {Fraxinus excelsior), decayed by Inonotus hispidus, amounts of a number of uncharacterized compounds were greater in reaction zone extracts than m extracts from healthy sapwood (Pearce, 1991). ln Picea abies, lignans increased in reaction zones and heartwood (Shain & Hillis, 1971) and norlignans normaliy present in very small amounts in the sapwood of Crypiomeria japonica were produced during heartwood formation and in reaction zones (Yamada, Tamura & Mineo, 1988). The stilbenes pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethyl ether, constitutively present in the sapwood of Pinus spp.…”

Section: {A) Environmental Constraints On Pathogen Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crude determinations of total phenolic compounds in CBL reaction zones might be 5-10-fold higher than in healthy sapwood: induced compounds can account for l'5"o or more of the total material in these reaction zones, on a fresh weight basis (Shain, 1967;Popoff fr at., 1975;Pearce 1987;Yamada et al, 1988). Antifungal acti\'it>' in reaction zone extracts, determined by TLC plate bioassay (Homans & Fuchs, 1970;Woodward & Pearce, 1985), is, however, often relatively low and can be related to only a few of the compounds accumulating at lesion margins.…”

Section: (I) Induced Antimicrobial Compounds (Phytoalexins Jmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial defences in the wood of living trees

1996

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summary The wood (xylem) in a living tree is protected from microbial attack by the secondary plant surface (periderm and rhytidome), which provides an effective barrier preventing the entry of most potential pathogens, and by constitutive and induced defence mechanisms in the bark (cortex and phloem). Although a few pathogens are able To penetrate these outer tissues directly, most xylem pathogens gain entry through wounds that expose this tissue and render it more vulnerable to attack. In functional sapwood, microbial colonization might be restricted by active defence mechanisms, or by passive microenvironmental restriction consequent upon the high water content and low availability of O2 in healthy conductive xylem. These factors are not mutually exclusive: indeed, they may operate in concert in many host‐pathogen interactions. Sapwood lesions made by wood‐decaying fungi are characteristically bounded by multiccllular walls OT barrier zones (compartmentalization wall 4 barriers and reaction zones (column boundary layers)), which may function both as inhibitory or degradation‐resistant barriers to further pathogen spread, and as seals to maintain xylem function and prevent the drying and aeration that could predispose to further infection. A range of putative antimicrobial defence mechanisms contributing to the effectiveness of such barriers has been identified in sapwood tissues. This includes cell wall alterations, constitutive and induced antimicrobial compounds, necrotic responses of living cells and the deposition of gummy materials, often resinous or polyphenolic, at the host‐pathogen interface. Nutritional, environmental and anatomical features of living wood might also contribute to pathogen restriction. Although there might be differences in detail, the defences operating in gymnospenns and angiosperms are generally similar. Defence responses against a variety of pathogen categories also have much in common. Dynamic studies are crucial in elucidating the roles of the various components of the host‐pathogen interaction in the wood of living trees. A model for the protection and defence of xylem tissues in woody angiosperms is suggested, based largely upon results from dynamic studies of host‐pathogen interactions in the wood of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.).

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“…The reaction zone forms at the interface between living sapwood and fungal infection, and is able to restrict or slow fungal decay. This function has been attributed to the deposition of phenolics and polyphenolics, as well as to microenvironmental factors (Boddy and Rayner, 1983;Yamada et al, 1988;Pearce, 1996). The reaction zone in Eucalyptus nitens is purple-blue in colour, is rich in polyphenols and appears to be resistant to colonisation by decay fungi (Barry et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of hydrolysable tannins in the reaction zone of Eucalyptus nitens wood by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

Barry

Davies

Mohammed

2001

Phytochemical Analysis

102

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The response of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood to fungal invasion following attack by the sugi bark borer

Cited by 20 publications

References 18 publications

Properties of reaction zones associated with decay from pruning wounds in plantation‐grown Eucalyptus nitens

Properties of reaction zones associated with decay from pruning wounds in plantation‐grown Eucalyptus nitens

Antimicrobial defences in the wood of living trees

Identification of hydrolysable tannins in the reaction zone of Eucalyptus nitens wood by high performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

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