The response of Swedish and Norwegian public diplomacy and nation branding actors to the refugee crisis

Pamment, James; Olofsson, Alexandra; Hjorth-Jenssen, Rachel

doi:10.1108/jcom-03-2017-0040

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, public diplomacy is an older and broader concept than nation branding, although both fields share an interest in promoting the desired image internationally, contributing to reaching economic, cultural and policy-related objectives (Pamment et al , 2017). Public diplomacy often refers to political communication to create a favorable environment for a country’s ideals and foreign policies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing nation branding: the systematic literature review

Rojas‐Méndez

Khoshnevis

2022

JPBM

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Purpose This paper aims to provide an integrated model of nation branding, propose a comprehensive definition of this concept and differentiate between nation branding and other related constructs. Design/methodology/approach To analyze nation branding academic literature, this paper used a systematic literature review approach to investigate academic studies related to nation and country branding. All relevant studies on the nation and country branding between 1996 and mid-2021 were extracted from six selected databases, including Elsevier’s Science Direct, Emerald, Sage, Wiley, Springer and Jstor, by using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis process. The reviewed papers were coded and analyzed to extract themes and concepts. Findings The results of this paper show that nation branding is influenced by six main factors, namely, business and marketing, political, social and cultural, economic and labor, international and environmental factors; it comprises one key component, that is, nation branding; it results in five major consequences, including social, economic and financial, business, international and political consequences, and is moderated mainly by socio-demographic variables. Additional contributions of this paper are the proposal of a comprehensive definition of nation branding based on the extant literature and identifying nation branding differences with other constructs that sometimes have been previously used interchangeably with nation branding. This paper concludes with suggestions for future research in the field. Originality/value This paper uses the themes and concepts uncovered by the analysis to conceptualize nation branding, provides an integrated model of nation branding and distinguishes it from other related branding concepts. This paper also summarizes what nation branding is versus what it is not.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualizing nation branding: the systematic literature review

Rojas‐Méndez

Khoshnevis

2022

JPBM

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“…It is interesting to note that the quarrel with Norway fits into a larger picture where Norway and Sweden have reacted differently to the debate on both right-wing populism and immigration (Heinze 2017 ). The same deviation from the Nordic norm was evident during the refugee crisis in 2015, where Sweden held their borders open longer at the same time as they criticized other Nordic countries for being small-minded and intolerant (Andersson and Aylott 2020 ; Pamment et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Why Did Sweden Diverge?mentioning

confidence: 90%

Nordic neighbors in pandemic crisis: the communication battle between Sweden and Norway

Falkheimer

Raknes

2021

Place Brand Public Dipl

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This essay is focusing how the strategic communication about the COVID-19 pandemic created tensions between Sweden and Norway, nations that from an outside view are very much alike when it comes to political, economic and cultural aspects. Both countries, together with Denmark, Finland, and Iceland, belong to the Nordic region, with a common history, plenty of collaboration forms and high levels of trade exchange, as well as a common high level of trust in society and governments. In the essay secondary data (news media content and national statistics) is used to describe and analyze how the communication battle between Norway and Sweden developed. It is concluded that it is possible to see the handling of the pandemic, and the strategic communication about this, as part of a grand and negative narrative about Sweden's societal development since the 1990s. Sweden has in some aspects become a negative international projection surface for many countries. From a public diplomacy approach the pandemic led to constant international comparisons, providing states both risks and opportunities. Drawing comparisons between states risks alienating certain publics, opens one to attacks from other countries and may harm a nation’s image.

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“…Taking these examples as a reference, and others documented by multiple authors (e.g. Fjällhed, 2020;Lanoszka, 2019), the use of this strategy has regained importance today, more than for the channel or the message itself, it has done so because of its capacity for mass propagation and the impact it can have on citizens, which is why disinformation as a strategy of diplomacy has become one of the main problems in the defence of states (Pamment et al, 2017). Hence the importance of studying this strategy and its effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%