The response of the antennal cold receptor of Periplaneta americana to rapid temperature changes and to steady temperature

Loftus, Richard

doi:10.1007/bf00365971

Cited by 72 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For example, DC1PNs exhibited periodic burst activities at 1-1.5 Hz, which have never been observed in spontaneous activities of any cold receptor afferents (Loftus, 1968;Nishikawa et al, 1992). Plateau EPSP superimposed by a barrage of spikes seemed to be too powerful for its overall profile to be affected by a Ϫ0.5°C decrease in temperature.…”

Section: Physiologic Properties Of Hygro-and Thermosensory Pnsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Indeed, thermo-and hygroreceptors have been identified on the antennae of a wide variety of insects, including cockroaches (Loftus, 1968;Yokohari, 1978;Nishikawa et al, 1992), stick insects (Tichy, 1979), locusts (Altner et al, 1981), honeybees (Yokohari, 1983), crickets (Itoh et al, 1984), camel crickets (Nishikawa et al, 1985), and fireflies (Iwasaki et al, 1995). In the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, cold, moist, and dry receptor cells are housed in a single poreless, cone-shaped sensillum, which forms a physiologic triad, common to many other insects (Yokohari, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Projection neurons originating from thermo‐ and hygrosensory glomeruli in the antennal lobe of the cockroach

Nishino

Yamashita

Yamazaki

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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Most insects are equipped with specialized thermo- and hygroreceptors to locate a permissible range of ambient temperature and distant water sources, respectively. In the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, cold, moist, and dry receptor cells in the antennae send axons to particular sets of two or three glomeruli in the dorsocentral part of the antennal lobe (primary olfactory center), designated DC1-3 glomeruli. However, it is not known how thermo- and hygrosensory signals from these glomeruli are represented in higher-order centers, the protocerebrum, in any insect species. With the use of intracellular recording and staining techniques, we identified a new class of interneurons with dendrites almost exclusively in the DC1, DC2, or DC3 glomeruli and axons projecting to the protocerebrum in the cockroach. Remarkably, terminals of all these projection neurons (PNs) covered almost identical areas in the lateral protocerebrum (LP), although their termination areas outside the LP differed from neuron to neuron. The termination areas within the LP were distinct from, but close to, those of uniglomerular and macroglomerular PNs that transmitted signals concerning general odors and female sex pheromones, respectively. PNs originating from DC1, DC2, and DC3 glomeruli exhibited excitatory responses to cold, moist, and dry stimuli, respectively, probably due to excitatory synaptic input from cold, moist, and dry receptor cells, respectively, whereas their responses were often modulated by olfactory stimuli. These findings suggested that dorsocentral PNs participate in neural pathways that lead to behavioral responses to temperature or humidity changes.

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Section: Physiologic Properties Of Hygro-and Thermosensory Pnsmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Projection neurons originating from thermo‐ and hygrosensory glomeruli in the antennal lobe of the cockroach

Nishino

Yamashita

Yamazaki

et al. 2002

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The dynamic activity is determined by the amplitude of cooling, with the greatest dynamic sensitivity corresponding to the maximum static sensitivity. Thus the cold cell's response functions are characterized by a "best" temperature (Fischer and Tichy 2002;Loftus 1966Loftus , 1968Nishikawa et al 1992). The present experiments were already performed within this "best temperature" range.…”

Section: Rationales Behind Selecting the Stimulus Rangementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that the slope of the input-output functions is not same at all temperatures but steepest for one "best" temperature, flanked on both sides by functions of decreasing slopes. Examples are described for warm fibers of the facial pits of snakes (Hensel 1974(Hensel , 1976) and the rat scrotum (Hellon et al 1975), for warm cells of the tarsal organ of the wandering spider (Ehn and Tichy 1996), and also for cold fibers of the skin of rhesus monkeys (Darian-Smith et al 1973), for cold cells on the antennae of the cockroach (Loftus 1968;Nishikawa et al 1992), the stick insect (Tichy and Loftus 1987), and the locust (Ameismeier and Loftus 1988). The instantaneous values of temperature and its rate of change could not be determined at the receptive ending during rapid step-like temperature changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we examined adaptation of the input-output gain to slow and continuous temperature changes in the cold cell on the antennae of the American cockroach (Fischer and Tichy 2002;Gingl and Tichy 2001;Loftus 1966Loftus , 1968Loftus , 1969Nishikawa et al 1992;Yokohari 1981;Zeiner and Tichy 2000). We used sinusoidal temperature changes because instantaneous temperature and the rate of change vary differently with the oscillation period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation as a Mechanism for Gain Control in an Insect Thermoreceptor

Tichy¹,

Fischer²,

Gingl³

2008

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Tichy H, Fischer H, Gingl E. Adaptation as a mechanism for gain control in an insect thermoreceptor. J Neurophysiol 100: 2137-2144, 2008. First published August 6, 2008 doi:10.1152/jn.90514.2008. Adaptation controls the gain of the input-function of the cockroach's cold cell during slowly oscillating changes in temperature. When the oscillation period is long, the cold cell improves its gain for the rate of temperature change at the expense of its ability to code instantaneous temperature. When the oscillation period is brief, however, the cold cell reduces this gain and improves its sensitivity for instantaneous temperature. This type of gain control has an important function. When the cockroach ventures from under cover and into moving air, the cold cell is confronted constantly with brief changes in temperature. To be of any use, a limit in the gain for the rate of change seems to be essential. Without such a limit, the cold cell will always indicate temperature change. The decrease in gain for the rate of change involves an increase in gain for instantaneous temperature. Therefore the animal receives precise information about the temperature at which the change occurs and can seek an area of different temperature. If the cockroach ventures back under cover, the rate of change will become slow. In this situation, a high gain improves the ability to signal slow temperature changes. The cockroach receives the early warning of slow fluctuations or even creeping changes in temperature. A comparison of the cold cell's responses with the temperature measured inside of small, cylindrical model objects indicates that coding characteristic rather than passive thermal effects of the structures enclosing the cold cell are responsible for the observed behavior. I N T R O D U C T I O NAdaptation is a fundamental characteristic of information processing. It gives sensory systems the capability of adjusting the input-output gain to particular aspects of the stimulus even when the overall conditions of the sensory environment are changing. Such adjustments are observed as changes in the slope of the transfer function, corresponding to a multiplicative or divisive scaling, which is distinct from additive or subtractive shifting effects (Chance et al. 2002). Much attention has been focused on the trigger for changes in gain and the mechanism underlying gain control in the visual and auditory systems. In the temperature sensory system, however, the effect of adaptation on the input-output gain is less well understood, in part because of the difficulty in determining precisely the instantaneous values of temperature or even the rate of temperature changes at the receptive ending of the sensory cells.Electrophysiologically, a series of experiments using rapid, step-like changes in temperature indicate two fast-acting adaptation mechanisms. One is sensitive to the magnitude of the step change with the consequence that the input-output functions tend to be steeper where the steps are smaller and to flatten as they become larger. T...

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Antennal sensory system of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana: Postembryonic development and morphology of the sense organs

Schafer

Sanchez

1973

J of Comparative Neurology

101

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Antennal growth in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, takes place by division of the meriston (third antennal segment) and the meristal segments at the base of the ;antenna1 flagellum. Olfactory and contact chemoreceptive sense organs are the most numerous receptor organs on the antenna at all stages of postembryonk development. The sensory complement of male and female antennae is identical during the nymphal period, but a large difference between sexes appears ai: the adult stage. The adult male has nearly twice as many olfactory sensilla as the female, and more than half of these sensilla appear at the adult stage. These morphological data are consistent with the hypothesis that sensory receptors specific to the female sex attractant appear in the male only at the adult stage.

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The response of the antennal cold receptor of Periplaneta americana to rapid temperature changes and to steady temperature

Cited by 72 publications

References 25 publications

Projection neurons originating from thermo‐ and hygrosensory glomeruli in the antennal lobe of the cockroach

Projection neurons originating from thermo‐ and hygrosensory glomeruli in the antennal lobe of the cockroach

Adaptation as a Mechanism for Gain Control in an Insect Thermoreceptor

Antennal sensory system of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana: Postembryonic development and morphology of the sense organs

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