The response to nitrogen fertilizer from a cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture in the Scottish uplands relative to efficiency of fertilizer use and provision of herbage for animals

Rangeley, Anne; Newbould, P.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4394-0_2

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…If it is assumed that a minimum efficiency of 7 5 kg DM kg"' N (Prins, 1980) or 10kg DM kg^' N (Rangelcy andNewbould, 1986) is needed for the application of N to be economically worthwhile, applications of slurry and the N2 fertilizer treatment in the first year were at the limit, while in the second year these efficiencies were well above the thresholds in all treatments. The lower efficiency of N use in the first year can be explained by the low DM yields due to summer drought.…”

Section: Nitrogen Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cow slurry N on herbage productivity, efficiency of N utilization and on white clover content in a natural sward in the Basque Country, Spain

Estavillo

González‐Murua

Besga³

et al. 1996

Grass and Forage Science

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The effect of cow slurry N on productivity and white clover content was compared with that of mineral fertilization in a natural grassland sward. Fertilizer was applied at two different N rates as split applications of ammonium nitrate, or as cow slurry (145 or 290 kg N ha−1 in the first year and 120 or 240 kg N ha−1 In the second year)‐ In the first year, fertilizer N produced higher dry matter (DM) yields than the slurry treatments. Nitrogen efficiency and clover content reduction were higher for the mineral treatments, the efficiency being lower for the higher rate of N application. In the second year, N supplied by the slurry gave the same productivity, N efficiency and white clover content reduction as that from the mineral N fertilization; higher efficiency in the second year being due to favourable weather conditions and low white clover contents. The high N efficiencies of the slurry compared with the fertilizer N treatments were attributed to the dilution of the slurry and to split applications over the year. Yield differences between treatments were due mainly to the grass component of the sward. Competition between grasses and other species, and white clover for mineral N resulted in a reduction in the white clover content in those treatments in which more N was supplied, whether it came from the mineralization of slurry or from the fertilizer N applied.

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Section: Nitrogen Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cow slurry N on herbage productivity, efficiency of N utilization and on white clover content in a natural sward in the Basque Country, Spain

Estavillo

González‐Murua

Besga³

et al. 1996

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Stolon weights produced between harvests and leaf appearance rates were not significantly affected by P application. Previously it was noted that P deficient white clover in a pot experiment had fewer leaves and stolons than P sufficient plants (Rangeley and Newbould, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the present experiment there is little evidence that an^ major nutrient was deficient if concentrations in Table 2 are compared with published values for critical concentrations (Whitehead. 1966;Whitehead e/a/., 1983;Rangeley and Newbould, 1985). In the first harvest year lime increased DM production considerably, partly at least through increasing the availability of P. The drop in soil pH by October 1983 with the highest N treatment indicates the need to either eheck soil regularly, particularly if acidifying N fertilizers are used, or to use N fertilizers which have a neutral reaction (Van Burg et al,, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The response to applied N and its efficiency of use was similar in both experiments. Further discussions of this aspect of the work can be found elsewhere (Rangeley and Newbould. 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Responses to each ofthe three dressings of N in 1983 and the pattern of growth as related to sheep requirements in an upland farming system are presented elsewhere (Rangeley and Newbould, 1986).…”

Section: Dry Matter Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lime and major nutrient fertilizers required to establish a perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on a non‐calcareous gley in the Scottish uplands

Rangeley

Bolton

1986

Grass and Forage Science

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A field experiment with mixed swards of perennial ryegrass and while clover carded out in i 982-83 using small cut plots is described. With fierennial ryegrass, lime slightly decreased annual dry matter (DM) production in 1982 {the sowing year) but increased it in 1983 (the first harvest year) by about 1 t ha*^'. Applications of N and P produced small increases in DM in 1982 and greater increases in 1983. In the latter season annual DM production varied from an average of 3-5 to about 10 t ha"' with 0 or 480 kg N ha' applied in three equal-sized dressings throughout the growing season. Application of 40 kg P ha"' in 1982 increased DM production by about 25 t ha-' in 1983 but higher rates had little effect. Fifteen mg extractable P kg~' soil seemed sufficient to support levels of production normally expected from ryegrass pastures in upland Scotland, Applications of K did not affect DM production-N increased tiller weight and sward height of ryegrass; lime and P tended to increase tiller weight but this effect was not statistically significant. Leaf appearance and tiller number were not affected by treatments.The white clover content of the pasture was decreased 10-fold by application of N and increased by lime and P (I 45 and 1'46-fold. respectively). The DM response to P was most apparent in limed soil and was also affected by the siting ofthe plots in the experimental area. Effects Correspondence: Dr Anne Rangeley, Hill Farming Research Organisation. Bush Estate. Penicuik. Midlothian EH26 OPY. UK.of lime and P on growth of white clover were to increase the number of stolon growing points and root nodule numbers per unit area.The results emphasize the importance of lime and P fertilizer for establishment and growih of pasture in this soil and the differences between white clover and ryegrass in their responses to these.

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Herbage production from the hills and uplands

Frame¹,

Newbould²,

Munro

1985

BSAP Occas. Publ.

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The hills and uplands lie within the poorer ‘less favoured’ soil and climatic areas which account for almost 10 M ha of the UK's 19 M ha of agricultural land. Rough grazing comprises 6 M ha. Dry matter (DM) production from native hill swards, governed by soil type, climate and species composition, typically ranges from 1 to 5 t per ha, and is highly seasonal. The best grade of native hill sward is the bent-fescue (Agrostis/Festuca) association. Upland permanent pasture sward production is strongly influenced by the proportion of perennial ryegrass and level of fertilizer N input; typically, DM production ranges from 3.5 to 91 per ha.Constraints to herbage production include acid soils, impeded drainage and shortage of major plant nutrients particularly N and P. Deficiencies of some major nutrients and of trace elements in the plants can consequently have serious implications for livestock performance. Relationships among trace elements are particularly complex. The climate is severe and highly variable, with low temperatures, exposure to wind, high rainfall and frequent winter frosts being notable features. Bracken, rush, gorse, broom and scrub woodland communities are special vegetation problems which adversely affect pasture production and utilization.Specific improvement techniques for the differing soil type — plant community associations are available but economic considerations are important when making the choice and deciding on the extent of improvement. Addition of lime and fertilizers, and the introduction of improved grass species and white clover, are the keys to enhanced sward production and quality. Maintenance of soil fertility is essential to ensure continued production. White clover is particularly important for animal nutrition and for its ability to contribute to available soil N via rhizobial N fixation. However, fertilizer N has a role in strategically extending the grazing season and for intensifying winter feed production (silage or hay) from suitable land; silage offers the better option.

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The response to nitrogen fertilizer from a cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pasture in the Scottish uplands relative to efficiency of fertilizer use and provision of herbage for animals

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Effect of cow slurry N on herbage productivity, efficiency of N utilization and on white clover content in a natural sward in the Basque Country, Spain

Effect of cow slurry N on herbage productivity, efficiency of N utilization and on white clover content in a natural sward in the Basque Country, Spain

Lime and major nutrient fertilizers required to establish a perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture on a non‐calcareous gley in the Scottish uplands

Herbage production from the hills and uplands

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