The responses of Scots pine seedlings to waterlogging during the growing season

Repo, Tapani; Launiainen, Samuli; Lehto, Tarja; Sutinen, Sirkka; Ruhanen, Hanna; Heiskanen, Juha; Laurén, Ari; Silvennoinen, Raimo; Vapaavuori, Elina; Finér, Leena

doi:10.1139/cjfr-2015-0447

Cited by 21 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Yet, the negative feedbacks from flooding and waterlogging to stomatal conductance, net assimilation and photosynthesis, as recently reported for P. sylvestris seedlings (Repo et al., , ), must have affected our δ 13 C data. In accordance with the Farquhar models of carbon isotope fractionation (Farquhar et al., ; Francey & Farquhar, ), such feedbacks could have either increased (through diminished stomatal conductance) and/or decreased (through reduced carbon assimilation) the tree‐ring δ 13 C values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Arctic moistening provides negative feedbacks to riparian plants

Helama

Arppe

Mielikäinen

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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Arctic moistening will affect the circumpolar forested riparian ecosystems. Upward trends observed for precipitation in high latitudes illustrate that the moistening may be underway to influence the woody biomass production near the inland waters, lakes and streams with effects on carbon pools and fluxes. Although the flooding and waterlogging tolerance of seedlings has been investigated, our understanding of responses in mature trees is still limited. Here we employ tree-ring δ C and width data from a subarctic riparian setting in Lapland, where artificially high lake level (HLL) has already altered the ecophysiological and growth responses of riparian Pinus sylvestris trees to external drivers under conditions simulating moister environment. Prior to the HLL event, the carbon assimilation rate was primarily limited by irradiance as reflected in the δ C data and the radial growth of south-facing riparian trees remained increased in comparison to shaded upland trees. By contrast, the riparian trees were not similarly benefited during the HLL period when reduced assimilation depleted the riparian in comparison to upland δ C despite of increased irradiance. As a result, the radial growth of riparian trees was markedly reduced over the HLL event while the upland trees benefited from increased irradiance and summer time warming. Although the production of biomass at high latitudes is commonly considered temperature-limited, our results highlight the increasing role of Arctic moistening to limit the growth when increased precipitation (cloudiness) reduces the incoming solar radiation in general and when the riparian habitat becomes increasingly waterlogged in particular. The effects of high-latitude warming to induce higher biomass productivity may be restricted by negative feedbacks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Arctic moistening provides negative feedbacks to riparian plants

Helama

Arppe

Mielikäinen

et al. 2018

Global Change Biology

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“…BSP), Scots pine) (cf. Islam and Macdonald 2004;Sudachkova et al 2009;Repo et al 2016a) and broad-leaved species (White oak (Quercus alba L.), river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) (Gravatt and Kirby 1998;Kogawara et al 2006). In addition, the starch content in the leaves of pubescent birch was not affected by GW.…”

Section: Water Relations Photosynthesis and Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the low efficiency of this process to yield energy, the roots must compensate for the low yield by decreasing the demand for energy by a reduction of root growth or nutrient uptake, and by consuming more carbohydrates per unit time for the generation of energy equivalents (Kreuzwieser et al 2004). In fact, flooding intolerant species tend to accumulate photosynthetic products in leaves and needles, but not transport them to roots (Sudachkova et al 2009;Repo et al 2016a). In a study on northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedlings, downshifting of translocation of current photosynthates is the first physiological indication of flooding (Sloan et al 2016).…”

Section: Waterlogging and Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…oxygen deprivation, but the response time is different. There are several studies on tree responses to waterlogging during the growing season (Dreyer et al 1991;Nicolás et al 2005;Rengifo et al 2005;Mielke and Schaffer 2010;Repo et al 2016a). In that phase, the high rate of metabolic oxygen consumption makes oxygen shortage more acute than in dormancy.…”

Section: Stage Of Annual Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GW led to decreased A max , g s , and WUE at the end of GW in both birch species but this effect did not last after drainage. Waterlogging has been found to lead to decreased gas exchange in other tree species but the rate and strength of response depends on the species and the phase of annual development (Kozlowski 1997;Repo et al 2016a). It has been suggested that the reduction of root hydraulic conductance may contribute to the decrease of stomatal conductance (Schmull and Thomas 2000).…”

Section: Water Relations Photosynthesis and Carbohydratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of waterlogging on boreal forest tree seedlings during dormancy and early growing season

Wang¹

2017

Diss. For.

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More precipitation in the form of rain in winter together with deteriorated ditch networks may expose drained peatland forestry to winter or spring waterlogging in boreal forests. The response of main boreal forest species on soil waterlogging is important for predicting forest productivity and justifying the demand for ditch network maintenance. In this study, the aim was to find out the physiological and growth responses of 1-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) and pubescent birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) seedlings subjected to one-month waterlogging at the end of the dormancy phase, and to find out the morphology, physiology and growth of silver birch and pubescent birch seedlings subjected to one-month waterlogging at the beginning of the growing season.Two experiments were carried out in growth chambers. In experiment 1, Norway spruce seedlings were subjected to either no waterlogging or waterlogging for one month at 2 o C, after which a six-week follow-up growing season allowed the seedlings to recover. In experiment 2, silver birch and pubescent birch seedlings went through a four-week dormancy (weeks 1-4), a four-week early growing season (weeks 5-8), and a four-week late growing season (weeks 9-12). The treatments were 1) no waterlogging throughout the experiment (NW); 2) four-week waterlogging during dormancy (Dormancy waterlogging, DW); 3) four-week waterlogging during the early growing season (Growth waterlogging, GW); and 4) four-week dormancy waterlogging followed by four-week growth waterlogging during the early growing season (DWGW).Dormancy waterlogging reduced root volume and increased root mortality, but did not affect dark-acclimated chlorophyll fluorescence (F v /F m ) or the biomass of leaves, stems and roots in Norway spruce. Root biomass and root hydraulic conductance (K r ) of silver birch was reduced but aboveground organs were not affected by dormancy waterlogging. On the contrary, in pubescent birch root morphology, biomass and K r were not affected, but gas exchange was reduced by dormancy waterlogging. However, the biomass of leaves and stems was not negatively affected in pubescent birch. In conclusion, these tree species can tolerate a one-month winter waterlogging well.Growth waterlogging led to the reduction of stomatal conductance (g s ), and thus the reduction of light-saturated photosynthesis rate (A max ) in both birch species, although recovery was seen during the follow-up growing season. It also led to lower leaf area in both birch species. Growth waterlogging led also to decreased the K, Ca, Mg, Mn and B contents of leaves in silver birch, whereas in pubescent birch only Ca and Mg contents were decreased. In pubescent birch, fine cluster roots, the incidence of non-glandular trichomes, and stem lenticels were increased by growth waterlogging. However, silver birch did not show such acclimation to waterlogging. In conclusion, growth waterlogging caused more negative effects to both birch species than dormancy waterl...

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Cryptic genetic variation and adaptation to waterlogging in Caledonian Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.

Donnelly

Cavers

Cottrell

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Local adaptation occurs as the result of differential selection among populations. Observations made under common environmental conditions may reveal phenotypic differences between populations with an underlying genetic basis; however, exposure to a contrasting novel environment can trigger release of otherwise unobservable (cryptic) genetic variation. We conducted a waterlogging experiment on a common garden trial of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris (L.), saplings originating from across a steep rainfall gradient in Scotland. A flood treatment was maintained for approximately 1 year; physiological responses were gauged periodically in terms of photochemical capacity as measured via chlorophyll fluorescence. During the treatment, flooded individuals experienced a reduction in photochemical capacity, F v /F m, this reduction being greater for material originating from drier, eastern sites. Phenotypic variance was increased under flooding, and this increase was notably smaller in saplings originating from western sites where precipitation is substantially greater and waterlogging is more common. We conclude that local adaptation has occurred with respect to waterlogging tolerance and that, under the flooding treatment, the greater increase in variability observed in populations originating from drier sites is likely to reflect a relative absence of past selection. In view of a changing climate, we note that comparatively maladapted populations may possess considerable adaptive potential, due to cryptic genetic variation, that should not be overlooked.

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The responses of Scots pine seedlings to waterlogging during the growing season

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Arctic moistening provides negative feedbacks to riparian plants

Arctic moistening provides negative feedbacks to riparian plants

Effect of waterlogging on boreal forest tree seedlings during dormancy and early growing season

Cryptic genetic variation and adaptation to waterlogging in Caledonian Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L.

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