The responses of the Hadley circulation to different meridional SST structures in the seasonal cycle

Feng, Juan; Li, Jianping; Jin, Fei‐Fei; Zhao, Sen; Xie, Fei

doi:10.1002/2017jd026953

Cited by 15 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…The detailed calculation of the MSF is seen in Feng et al (). To compare the response of the HC to different SST meridional structures during the equinox seasons, the variations of the vertical motion, MSF and zonal‐mean SST are linearly decomposed into two components, that is, the equatorially symmetric and asymmetric variations according to Feng, Li, Jin, et al (). The symmetric and asymmetric components of vertical motion and zonal‐mean SST (referred as SES and SEA in the context) is obtained by as follows:

italicfs ((), y) = \frac{f ((), y) + f ((), - y)}{2}, italicfa ((), y) = \frac{f ((), y) - f ((), - y)}{2}

…”

Section: Data Sets and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equatorially asymmetric and symmetric variations of MSF is defined as follows:

HEA ((), y) = \frac{MSF ((), y) + MSF ((), - y)}{2}, HES ((), y) = \frac{MSF ((), y) - MSF ((), - y)}{2},

where y is the meridional locations north of the equator. The details regarding the calculation and schematic illustration are presented in Feng, Li, Jin, et al ().…”

Section: Data Sets and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, there has been growing interest in the spatiotemporal variability and width of the HC. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the spatiotemporal variability of the HC has shown that both the seasonal cycle (Dima & Wallace, ; Feng, Li, Jin, et al, ), long‐term annual variability (Feng et al, ), and seasonal variability (e.g., Feng et al, , ; Guo et al, ; Ma & Li, ) of the HC are dominated by an equatorially asymmetric mode, with the ascending branch shifted away from the equator. The second mode presents an equatorially symmetric distribution, with the ascending branch around the equator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…That is, the meridional structure of tropical SST determines the distribution of the HC. Moreover, the responses of the HC to different SST meridional structures have different amplitudes even if the magnitude of SST is fixed (Feng et al, ; Feng, Li, Jin, et al, ). These previous studies have emphasized the importance of the meridional structure of tropical SST on the variations of the HC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A Comparison of the Response of the Hadley Circulation to Different Tropical SST Meridional Structures During the Equinox Seasons

Feng

Jin

et al. 2018

JGR Atmospheres

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The response of the Hadley circulation (HC) to different tropical sea surface temperature (SST) patterns during the equinox seasons (i.e., boreal spring and autumn) is analyzed. Although the HC shows quasi‐equatorially symmetric structure in both equinox seasons, both the climatology and the interannual variations of the HC display considerable differences, that is, being more equatorially asymmetric (symmetric) during autumn (spring). After decomposing the variations of the HC and zonal SST into the equatorially asymmetric (i.e., HC's equatorially asymmetric variation (HEA) for HC and SST's equatorially asymmetric variation (SEA) for SST) and symmetric (i.e., HC's equatorially symmetric variation (HES) for HC and SST's equatorially symmetric variation (SES) for SST) components, the differences in the HC between spring and autumn are shown to derive mainly from the HEA. Meanwhile, the contrast in the response of the HEA to SEA against HES to SES is greater in spring than in autumn, suggesting the HC is more sensitive to the SST conditions in spring. The variation of the HEA is related to different signals in spring and autumn that is linked to the central Pacific El Niño during spring but to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation during autumn. The different contributors are associated with the differences in both the spatial extent and temporal variations in the HEA. In contrast, both spring and autumn HES are closely linked to the canonical El Niño, favoring similar variations in spring and autumn HES. The results here provide a possible explanation of the different variations in the HC during spring and autumn and highlight the seasonal dependence of the response of the HC to SST.

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italicfs ((), y) = \frac{f ((), y) + f ((), - y)}{2}, italicfa ((), y) = \frac{f ((), y) - f ((), - y)}{2}

…”

Section: Data Sets and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The equatorially asymmetric and symmetric variations of MSF is defined as follows:

HEA ((), y) = \frac{MSF ((), y) + MSF ((), - y)}{2}, HES ((), y) = \frac{MSF ((), y) - MSF ((), - y)}{2},

where y is the meridional locations north of the equator. The details regarding the calculation and schematic illustration are presented in Feng, Li, Jin, et al ().…”

Section: Data Sets and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Comparison of the Response of the Hadley Circulation to Different Tropical SST Meridional Structures During the Equinox Seasons

Feng

Jin

et al. 2018

JGR Atmospheres

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show abstract

“…The sum of the equatorially symmetric and asymmetric variations equals to its original variations. The definition of HES and HEA has opposite sign compared to those of SST because the MSF has the same and opposite sign across the equator for its asymmetric and symmetric components, respectively (Feng et al 2017). Based on the decomposition shown, we obtain the interannual variations of the HEA, HES, SEA, and SES.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Response Contrast of Hadley Circulation to the Equatorially Asymmetric and Symmetric Tropical SST Structures during the Recent Hiatus

Feng

Wang

et al. 2017

SOLA

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Variations of the Hadley circulation (HC) are influenced by the underlying sea surface temperature (SST). The contrasting response of the HC to meridional structure of SST is examined between two periods, one prior to and the other during the recent warming hiatus (i.e., 1979−1998 and 1999−2015). By decomposing the variations of HC and SST into equatorially asymmetric (HEA for HC; SEA for SST) and symmetric components (HES for HC; SES for SST), the HEA response to SEA and the HES response to SES are quantitatively analyzed. Multiple reanalyses consistently indicate that the ratio of the response of HEA to SEA with respect to that of HES to SES is clearly decreased in the period 1999−2015. This is because the response of HEA to SEA is suppressed in this period, while the response of HES to SES is enhanced, suggesting a corresponding change in the air-sea interactions involved during the two periods. Further examination found that the variation of SST over Pacific may play an important role in determining the reduced response ratio of HC to SST in the recent hiatus.(Citation: Feng, J., J. Li, Y. Wang, and Y. Guo, 2017: Decreas ed response contrast of Hadley circulation to the equatorially asymmetric and symmetric tropical SST structures during the recent hiatus. SOLA, 13, 181−185,

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Regional meridional cells governing the interannual variability of the Hadley circulation in boreal winter

Sun

Ramstein

et al. 2018

Clim Dyn

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The Hadley circulation (HC) has conventionally been considered as thermally direct with uniform zonal distribution. However, the meridional circulation in the tropics is far from uniform, including the thermally direct cells associated with the global monsoon heating and indirect cells in the absence of diabatic heating. This study aims at assessing the thermally direct and indirect cells in different regions, identifying the geographic sectors responsible for interannual variability of HC strength and boundaries, and unraveling the underlying mechanism for the interannual variability of HC edges and intensity. Results derived from ERA-Interim reanalysis and climate models show that the climatological HC in wintertime (December-January-February) obscures longitudinal diversity of regional meridional cells (RMC), including thermally direct RMCs over Eurasia and the Eastern Pacific, thermally direct southern limbs of RMCs over the Central Pacific and Western Atlantic with opposite circulation. For each of the regions, El Niño-South Oscillation and mid-latitude eddies are assessed in terms of their relative contributions to the interannual variability of HC intensity and extent. Their underneath physical mechanisms are thoroughly investigated.

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The responses of the Hadley circulation to different meridional SST structures in the seasonal cycle

Cited by 15 publications

References 65 publications

A Comparison of the Response of the Hadley Circulation to Different Tropical SST Meridional Structures During the Equinox Seasons

A Comparison of the Response of the Hadley Circulation to Different Tropical SST Meridional Structures During the Equinox Seasons

Decreased Response Contrast of Hadley Circulation to the Equatorially Asymmetric and Symmetric Tropical SST Structures during the Recent Hiatus

Regional meridional cells governing the interannual variability of the Hadley circulation in boreal winter

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