The results of a 24-h pad test in Brazilian women

Figueiredo, Elyonara Mello de; Gontijo, Raquel; Vaz, Camila Teixeira; Baracho, Elza; Fonseca, Adelaida Pallavicini; Monteiro, Marilene Vale de Castro; Filho, Agnaldo Lopes Silva

doi:10.1007/s00192-011-1645-3

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The upper limit of weight increase for the 1‐hr test in continent women is 1.4 g (equivalent to 1.4 ml) and 1.3–4.4 g for 24‐hr test. These values may increase in situations of increased perspiration . In the analysis of 1‐hr pad test, an increase of 1–10 g is classified as representing mild incontinence, 11–50 g moderate and >50 g severe incontinence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pad weight testing in the evaluation of urinary incontinence

Krhút

Zachoval

Smith

et al. 2013

Neurourol. Urodynam.

157

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pad weight testing in the evaluation of urinary incontinence

Krhút

Zachoval

Smith

et al. 2013

Neurourol. Urodynam.

157

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show abstract

“…However, it is very difficult to control for the presence of sweat and vaginal secretions, which are highly variable and depend on factors such as weight, activity levels, environmental conditions, and sexual arousal. 6,7 The ICS defined upper limits of weight increase for a 1h pad test for a continent woman is 1.4 g (equivalent to 1.4 ml) and for a 24-h pad test are 1.3-4.4 g (equivalent to 1.3-4.4 ml). 5 UI is divided into mild (1-10 g), medium (1-50 g) and severe (>50 g) based on 1-h PWGs or mild (4-20 g), moderate (21-74 g), and severe (>75 g) based on 24-h pad weights.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pad weight gain in asymptomatic continent women is far less than the current ICS definition

Duffy

Axell

Nicholls

et al. 2020

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Aims: To investigate typical pad weight gain (PWG) in asymptomatic women who have never reported any episodes of urinary incontinence. Methods: An observational study was performed by measuring the increase in weight of small sanitary pads worn by 35 healthy, female volunteers of a median age 36 (range, 23-56) years. Each pad was worn for a minimum of 5 h which is the typical maximum duration of an ambulatory urodynamics study. Results: The median duration of pad wear was 6 h (interquartile range [IQR], 5-8). The median PWG was 0.111 g (IQR, 0.047-0.255). The maximum recorded PWG was 0.621 g and the minimum was 0.012 g. PWG was not significantly affected by age, parity, years since last delivery, body mass index, or menopausal status. Conclusions: PWG over a median duration of 6 h (IQR, 5-8) is typically <0.7 g in women who are asymptomatic of urinary incontinence. Therefore, PWGs in excess of 0.7 g over a 5-h ambulatory urodynamics study in symptomatic women are likely to be diagnostic of urinary incontinence.

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“…A study from Brazil showed that pad weights are affected by temperature and humidity, which can increase perspiration. 16 Given the amount of prior incontinence experienced by fistula patients, higher thresholds for pad tests (either 1.5 or 2.0 g) may be more appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a postoperative pad test to identify continence status in women after obstetric vesicovaginal fistula repair: a prospective cohort study

Kopp

Bengtson

Tang

et al. 2017

BJOG

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Objective Determine if a 1-hour pad test at discharge can identify continence status within 120 days of obstetric vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Fistula Care Centre in Lilongwe, Malawi. Population Women with VVF who underwent repair between January 2012–December 2014. Methods Data on demographics, obstetric history, physical exam findings, operative management, post-operative findings, and follow-up evaluations were collected on women with VVF repair. Main outcome measures Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV), and a receiver operating curve (ROC) were calculated to assess the utility of using a discharge pad test at three thresholds to identify women likely to be continent at follow-up. Results After VVF repair, 346 women had a 1-hour pad test performed at the time of hospital discharge and completed follow-up within 120 days of repair. Of these, 79.8% (n=276) were completely continent, while 20.2% (n=70) had some degree of incontinence. The sensitivity and specificity of a negative 1-hour pad test at predicting continence is 68.1% and 82.9%, respectively. With this prevalence, a negative pad test at a 1.5-gram threshold demonstrates a high predictive value (PPV=94.0%, 95% CI 90.0, 96.9) in detecting women with continence after repair. Conclusions At the 1.5-gram threshold, a negative pad test at discharge identifies 94% of women who will remain continent after VVF repair. Adding the pad test to fistula care can identify women who are likely to remain continent and may not need further therapies in settings where resources are limited and follow-up after repair is difficult. Tweetable abstract A negative pad test after repair is associated with continued continence at follow-up.

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The results of a 24-h pad test in Brazilian women

Abstract: The value of the 24-h pad test established by the ICS was not valid for the investigated sample. Environmental conditions, menopausal status, and use of hormone therapy can interfere with the values of the pad test.

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Pad weight testing in the evaluation of urinary incontinence

Pad weight testing in the evaluation of urinary incontinence

Pad weight gain in asymptomatic continent women is far less than the current ICS definition

Use of a postoperative pad test to identify continence status in women after obstetric vesicovaginal fistula repair: a prospective cohort study

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