The Results of Chemotherapy in Urinary Infections

Garrod, L. P.; Shooter, R. A.; Curwen, M. P.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4895.1003

Cited by 85 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…closely. As with other Gram-positive organisms, the reported incidence of infections with this agent in a number of series has been variable (Garrod, Shooter & Curwen, 1954;Loudon & Greenhalgh, 1962;McAllister et al 1971) and although this may be due to patient selection, other possibilities exist which will be mentioned later.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for the age-Bacteriological examination of urine and sex-groups covered by the investigation quoted are combined. The pathogenic status of these organisms has been accepted by many for some time (Garrod et al 1954;Gallagher et al 1965;Mond et al 1965;Steensberg et al 1969), and they have been the subject of specific study (Pereira, 1962;Mitchell, 1965 Sandys (1960), provides a cheap non-inhibitory alternative which gives good colonial differentiation while suppressing the swarming of Proteus spp. A third possibility is that the MicrococcCus spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bacteriological examination of urine: a computer-aided study

Meers

1974

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYFor 6 months details of every patient who had his or her urine sent to a laboratory for bacteriological examination and the result of such examination were entered on a computer-card. A total of 15,606 cards were completed with information in code recording the sex and age of a patient, the origin of the request, the presence or absence in the urine of an excess of protein or cells, the culture result and the name of any significant organism isolated together with its sensitivity to various antimicrobial drugs. This information was interrelated in a computer, and in some cases the resulting numerical details were expressed as rates so as to eliminate the effect of uneven sex and age distribution. In this waythe occurrence ofurinary tract infection and the type of infecting organism in persons of either sex at various ages was examined according to whether the patient was in hospital or general practice. The sensitivity pattern of each type of significant organism isolated was established according to its source. The association between patients of either sex and various ages who had, or did not have, bacteriologically evident infections and the presence in their urine of an inflammatory exudate was investigated. Finally, the capacity of each type of infecting organism to produce such an exudate was estimated.It was shown that hospital and general practice experience of urinary tract infections differed widely, with regard both to the age and sex distribution of those suffering from it, and to the causative organisms concerned and their sensitivities to antimicrobial drugs. It is suggested that these differences were so great that conclusions drawn from any study of this subject conducted in one of the two areas cannot be applied to the other, and that those derived from a mixture of the two will vary according to the relative sizes of each of the components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bacteriological examination of urine: a computer-aided study

Meers

1974

J. Hyg.

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“…Due to nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, it is too toxic for parenteral administration (Braeutigam, 1954). It is preferred by Garrod (1955) ·to streptomycin for pre-operative suppression of bowel flora. Pettet et al, (1955) and his associates demonstrated the preparation of the intestines for intestinal surgery by using a mix~ ture containing, neomycin.…”

Section: Neomycinmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Neomycin and bacitracin, which are too toxic for general parenteral therapy, have value fQr local application in place of streptomycin and penicillin. The use of neomycin locally for gram-negative organisms if) man is to be preferred to streptomycin because resistance to it develops slowly, and it does not sensitize a patient to streptomycin and preclude its use (Garrod, 1955). In veterinary medicine, of the antibiotics used parenterally, streptomycin has shown the gre~t est toxicity.…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 99%