The resurgence and genetic implications of New World primates in biomedical research

Ward, Joshua; Vallender, Eric J.

doi:10.1016/j.tig.2012.09.003

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The Neotropical primates have an important role regarding the phylogenetic proximity with the human being, which, due to their size and easy handling, are currently important models for biomedical research (Ward and Vallender, 2012). The availability of these animals is certainly one of the main contributors to the rise of Brazil in the international community of biomedical research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray pelvimetry in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus - LINNAEUS, 1758)

Pinheiro

Lima

Bombonato

et al. 2016

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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The common marmoset is an important Neotropical primate for biomedical research. With the intention of providing pelvimetric values that allow the selection of animals with better characteristics for reproduction, we studied the X-ray of the pelvis, in ventro-dorsal projection of 12 adult animals, six males and six females, belonging to the National Center of Primates -CENP. The measurements were made to right diagonal diameters (RDD), left diagonal diameter (LDD), bi-iliac middle diameter (BIMD), bi-iliac upper diameter (BIUD), bi-iliac lower diameter (BILD), sacrum-pubic diameter (SPD), and the input area of the pelvis (IAP), which were compared in relation to sex and bodily correlated with the biometrics. The results of the means and standard deviations regarding pelvimetry (cm) were: for the RDD in males of 1.91±0.14 and in the females of 2.05±0.08; LDD in males of 1.85±0.16 and in females of 2.03± 0.08; BIMD in males of 1.46±0.12 and in the females of 1.5±0; BIUD showed in males 1.3±0.1 and in females of 1.3±0.06; BILD in males of 1.35±0.15 and in females of 1.25±0.08; SPD in males of 1.68±0.09 and in females of 1.93±0.13; IAP in males of 1.9±0.26 and in the females of 2.23±0.13. It was concluded that the pelvis of Callithrix jacchus could be classified as dolicopelvic type, there is sexual dimorphism in relation to the pelvis of adult animals and that the bodily measurements have low positive correlation with pelvic measurements.Keywords: radiology, pelvis, primates RESUMO O sagui-de-tufo-branco se destaca como um importante primata neotropical para as pesquisas biomédicas. Com o intuito de fornecer valores pelvimétricos que permitam a seleção de animais com melhores características para a reprodução, estudaram-se radiografias da pelve, em projeção ventrodorsal, de 12 animais, sendo seis machos e seis fêmeas, adultos, pertencentes ao Centro Nacional de Primatas -CENP. As mensurações realizadas foram referentes aos diâmetros diagonal direito (DDD), diagonal esquerdo (DDE), bi-ilíaco médio (DBIM), bi-ilíaco superior (DBIS), bi-ilíaco inferior (DBII), sacropúbico (DSP), além da área de entrada da pelve (AEP), os quais foram comparados em

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the growing demand of these animals, the search for biological information of the species has increased significantly since the anatomy to clinical medicine, enabling the permanence in captivity and expanding information bases for interpretations of experiments (Ward and Vallender, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray pelvimetry in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus - LINNAEUS, 1758)

Pinheiro

Lima

Bombonato

et al. 2016

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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“…New World primates, including owl monkeys, are well-established models of human disease in biomedical research (41). This is in part due to the fact that most New World species are relatively small in body size and have rapid reproduction rates which facilitate the maintenance of productive breeding colonies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Owl Monkey CD4 Receptors Broadly Compatible with Early-Stage HIV-1 Isolates

Meyerson

Sharma

Wilkerson

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Most HIV-1 variants isolated from early-stage human infections do not use nonhuman primate versions of the CD4 receptor for cellular entry, or they do so poorly. We and others have previously shown that CD4 has experienced strong natural selection over the course of primate speciation, but it is unclear whether this selection has influenced the functional characteristics of CD4 as an HIV-1 receptor. Surprisingly, we find that selection on CD4 has been most intense in the New World monkeys, animals that have never been found to harbor lentiviruses related to HIV-1. Based on this, we sampled CD4 genetic diversity within populations of individuals from seven different species, including five species of New World monkeys. We found that some, but not all, CD4 alleles found in Spix's owl monkeys (Aotus vociferans) encode functional receptors for early-stage human HIV-1 isolates representing all of the major group M clades (A, B, C, and D). However, only some isolates of HIV-1 subtype C can use the CD4 receptor encoded by permissive Spix's owl monkey alleles. We characterized the prevalence of functional CD4 alleles in a colony of captive Spix's owl monkeys and found that 88% of surveyed individuals are homozygous for permissive CD4 alleles, which encode an asparagine at position 39 of the receptor. We found that the CD4 receptors encoded by two other species of owl monkeys (Aotus azarae and Aotus nancymaae) also serve as functional entry receptors for early-stage isolates of HIV-1. IMPORTANCENonhuman primates, particularly macaques, are used for preclinical evaluation of HIV-1 vaccine candidates. However, a significant limitation of the macaque model is the fact that most circulating HIV-1 variants cannot use the macaque CD4 receptor to enter cells and have to be adapted to these species. This is particularly true for viral variants from early stages of infection, which represent the most relevant vaccine targets. In this study, we found that some individuals from captive owl monkey populations harbor CD4 alleles that are compatible with a broad collection of HIV-1 isolates, including those isolated from early in infection in highly affected populations and representing diverse subtypes. C D4 is expressed on the surface of a subset of human T cells, where it stimulates interaction between the T cell receptor and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (Fig. 1A). While the T cell receptor interacts with the presented peptide antigen, the D1 domain of CD4 interacts with an invariant portion of the MHC class II molecule itself (1), an interaction that is expected to be preserved over evolutionary time. Despite this, we and others previously demonstrated that CD4 is evolving under diversifying selection in primates, with natural selection working in favor of new allelic forms (2-4). This is presumably because the CD4 D1 domain also interacts with the envelope (Env) surface protein of the lentiviruses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodefi...

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“…However, phylogenetic analyses of MHC class I alleles in new world primates including marmosets and tamarins demonstrate that MHC class I genes cluster in a manner that is distinct from those of old world primates or humans (Adams and Parham, 2001;Watkins et al, 1993), and show an 82% identity with corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA; human equivalent of MHC) alleles in humans (Robinson et al, 2015;Cadavid et al, 1997;Shiina et al, 2011). New world primates also demonstrate reduced allelic MHC variability in the antigen binding domains compared to that found in old world primates and humans (Ward and Vallender, 2012;Cadavid et al, 1997;Otting et al, 2002). Further, detailed comparisons have demonstrated that MHC class II families in new world primates are not orthologous to those of old world primates and that these gene families may have evolved independently in new and old world primates (Kriener et al, 2001).…”

Section: Comparative Sequence Identity Of the Major Histocompatibilitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…New world primates, such as marmosets, have practical advantages over old world primates as research models, including cost, size and generation time (Ward and Vallender, 2012). However, phylogenetic analyses of MHC class I alleles in new world primates including marmosets and tamarins demonstrate that MHC class I genes cluster in a manner that is distinct from those of old world primates or humans (Adams and Parham, 2001;Watkins et al, 1993), and show an 82% identity with corresponding human leukocyte antigen (HLA; human equivalent of MHC) alleles in humans (Robinson et al, 2015;Cadavid et al, 1997;Shiina et al, 2011).…”

Section: Comparative Sequence Identity Of the Major Histocompatibilitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of nonhuman primates as preclinical models for evaluating stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease

Grow¹,

McCarrey²,

Navara³

2016

Stem Cell Research

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The derivation of dopaminergic neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells brings new hope for a patient-specific, stem cell-based replacement therapy to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) and related neurodegenerative diseases; and this novel cell-based approach has already proven effective in animal models. However, there are several aspects of this procedure that have yet to be optimized to the extent required for translation to an optimal cell-based transplantation protocol in humans. These challenges include pinpointing the optimal graft location, appropriately scaling up the graft volume, and minimizing the risk of chronic immune rejection, among others. To advance this procedure to the clinic, it is imperative that a model that accurately and fully recapitulates characteristics most pertinent to a cell-based transplantation to the human brain is used to optimize key technical aspects of the procedure. Nonhuman primates mimic humans in multiple ways including similarities in genomics, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, immunogenetics, and age-related changes in immune function. These characteristics are critical to the establishment of a relevant model in which to conduct preclinical studies to optimize the efficacy and safety of cell-based therapeutic approaches to the treatment of PD. Here we review previous studies in rodent models, and emphasize additional advantages afforded by nonhuman primate models in general, and the baboon model in particular, for preclinical optimization of cell-based therapeutic approaches to the treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. We outline current unresolved challenges to the successful application of stem cell therapies in humans and propose that the baboon model in particular affords a number of traits that render it most useful for preclinical studies designed to overcome these challenges.

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The resurgence and genetic implications of New World primates in biomedical research

Cited by 31 publications

References 64 publications

X-ray pelvimetry in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus - LINNAEUS, 1758)

X-ray pelvimetry in common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus - LINNAEUS, 1758)

Identification of Owl Monkey CD4 Receptors Broadly Compatible with Early-Stage HIV-1 Isolates

Advantages of nonhuman primates as preclinical models for evaluating stem cell-based therapies for Parkinson's disease

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