The retention of phytin phosphorus from diets with fat supplements in broiler chicks

Matyka, S.; Korol, Waldemar; Bogusz, Grażyna

doi:10.1016/0377-8401(90)90126-s

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Lipid and Ca phytate may be involved in the formation of metallic soaps in gut lumen of poultry, which is a major restraint for energy utilisation derived from lipid sources (Leeson, 1993). Young chicks, when fed with diets supplemented with fat and phytate, exhibit hampered phytate-P utilisation and a large percentage of fat is excreted as soap fatty acids (Matyka, Korol, & Bogusz, 1990). However, there is a paucity of evidence to support the existence of lipid phytate complexes in the human.…”

Section: Effect On Lipid Utilisationmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ca 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ and Cu 2+ salts tend to be soluble at pH lower than 4-5, whereas Mg-phytate is soluble at acid pH up to pH 7.5 (Brown, Heit, & Ryan, 1961;Nolan, Duffin, & Mcweeny, 1987). In contrast, ferric phytate is insoluble at pH values in the range 1.0-3.5 at equimolar Fe 3+ to phytate ratios and solubility increases above pH 4 (Askar, El-Samahy, & Abd El- Table 1 Phytate content (mg/g on dry matter basis) in plant-derived human food (Greiner & Konietzny, 2006 Formation of insoluble phytate-mineral complexes leads to decrease in mineral availability Brune et al (1992), Iqbal et al (1994), Lopez et al (2002), Konietzny and Greiner (2003) Rickard and Thompson (1997), Selle et al (2000) Lipid Formation of 'lipophytin' complexes, may lead to metallic soaps in gut lumen, resulting in lower lipid availability Matyka et al (1990), Leeson (1993), Vohra and Satyanarayan (2003) Fadeel, 1983). However, solubility studies of bran phytate prove that, at gastric pH (approximately pH 2), Ca actually does not bind and this component does not contribute to the solubility of the Ca ion (Siener, Heynck, & Hesse, 2001).…”

Section: Effect On Mineral Uptakementioning

confidence: 98%

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Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition: A review

et al. 2010

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Section: Effect On Lipid Utilisationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Effect On Mineral Uptakementioning

confidence: 98%

Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition: A review

et al. 2010

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“…the divalent cation concentration, the ingredients used, and many other interactive factors. Several mechanisms by which phytase may improve ME have been proffered, including improved soluliility of dietary nutrients/reduction in insolubility of other complexes (Matyka et al, 1990), improved solubility of cofactors (e.g., Ca or Zn) for digestive enzymes (Selle and Ravindran, 2007), reduced endogenous energy flow (Cowieson and Ravindran, 2007;, improved capacity for active transport of nutrients from the gut associated with Na (Cowieson et al, 2004;Liu et al, 2008), reduced integrity of fibrous complexes (in which phytate may be implicit), and direct inhibition of digestive enzymes (or their activation) by phytate. This has been found previously with phytase in terms of effects on ileal AA digestibihty (Cowieson, 2010) and indicates that one reason for the variance in response to phytase for extraphosphoric nutrients may be the inherent digestibility of these nutrients before phytase intervention.…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production

Adeola

Cowieson

2011

Journal of Animal Science

570

434

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Diets fed to nonruminant animals are composed mainly of feed ingredients of plant origin. A variety of antinutritional factors such as phytin, nonstarch polysaccharides, and protease inhibitors may be present in these feed ingredients, which could limit nutrients that may be utilized by animals fed such diets. The primary nutrient utilization-limiting effect of phytin arises from the binding of 6 phosphate groups, thus making the P unavailable to the animal. The negative charges allow for formation of insoluble phytin-metal complexes with many divalent cations. Furthermore, phytin and protein can form binary complexes through electrostatic links of its charged phosphate groups with either the free amino group on AA on proteins or via formation of ternary complexes of phytin, Ca(2+), and protein. The form and extent of de novo formation of binary and ternary complexes of phytin and protein are likely to be important variables that influence the effectiveness of nutrient hydrolysis in plant-based diets. Nonstarch polysacharides reduce effective energy and nutrient utilization by nonruminant animals because of a lack of the enzymes needed for breaking down the complex cell wall structure that encapsulate other nutrients. Enzymes are used in nonruminant animal production to promote growth and efficiency of nutrient utilization and reduce nutrient excretion. The enzymes used include those that target phytin and nonstarch polysaccharides. Phytase improves growth and enhances P utilization, but positive effects on other nutrients are not always observed. Nonstarch polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes are less consistent in their effects on growth and nutrient utilization, although they show promise and it is imperative to closely match both types and amounts of nonstarch polysaccharides with appropriate enzyme for beneficial effects. When used together with phytase, nonstarch polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes may increase the accessibility of phytase to phytin encapsulated in cell walls. The future of enzymes in nonruminant animal production is promising and will likely include an understanding of the role of enzyme supplementation in promoting health as well as how enzymes may modulate gene functions. This review is an attempt to summarize current thinking in this area, provide some clarity in nomenclature and mechanisms, and suggest opportunities for expanded exploitation of this unique biotechnology.

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“…Presence of tallow in the ration reduced phytate digestibility in broilers quite substantially (Matyka et al 1990). These authors postulated that the reason for such an effect was through reduced populations of phytase secreting microbes in the presence of tallow.…”

Section: Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry

Bedford¹,

Schulze²

1998

Nutr. Res. Rev.

432

236

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Many feed ingredients in use in monogastric diets contain significant quantities of antinutritional factors (ANF) which limit both their feed value and their use. Almost all enzymes currently being used address such factors to varying degrees, allowing for more economic utilization of raw materials. However, animal response to xylanase, P-glucanase and even phytase utilization reported in the literature tends to vary. Factors such as enzyme source, ingredient variety and environment under which the ingredient was grown, stored and processed into animal feed, age of animal, interaction with other dietary ingredients, and health status are shown to affect significantly the response obtained. As a result, the mode of action of xylanases and /I-glucanases is still debated due to too much emphasis being placed on interpretation of individual trial results without regard to the interactive factors or the literature dataset as a whole. Better understanding of such factors will improve data interpretation. While results with phytase are not subject to such extreme variation, they are nevertheless inconsistent in the degree to which inorganic phosphorus can be replaced by this enzyme. Greater understanding of the ANF and factors which interact to govern the response to added exogenous enzymes will undoubtedly improve the economic return and confidence in their use. Improved knowledge of ANF structure will result in development of enzymes directed towards far more specific targets, which enhances the likelihood of success and should reduce the overall enzyme usage.

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The retention of phytin phosphorus from diets with fat supplements in broiler chicks

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition: A review

Dietary roles of phytate and phytase in human nutrition: A review

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: Opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production

Exogenous enzymes for pigs and poultry

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