The retinohypothalamic tract in the cat: retinal ganglion cell morphology and pattern of projection

Murakami, Dean M.; Miller, Joseph D.; Fuller, Charles A.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)91191-8

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For example, the density of retinal terminals in the SCN following intraocular injections of HRP in cats is only slightly greater in the contralateral projec tion. However, HRP injections made into the SCN la belled a much greater proportion of contralateral reti- nal ganglion cells [Murakami et al, 1989]. This sug gests that the retinal ganglion cells that project to the ipsilateral SCN have a greater degree of terminal branching than the contralaterally projecting cells.…”

Section: Primatesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, recent studies us ing the more sensitive anatomical tracer horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in mice and rats [Fuller et al, 1983], hamsters [Pickard and Silverman, 1981;Pick ard, 1982], and cats [Murakami et al, 1989] have re vealed additional retinal terminal regions within the hypothalamus. Therefore, many species examined previously must be reinvestigated in order to under stand the precise pattern of retinal projection to the hypothalamus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Retinohypothalamic Projection and Oxidative Metabolism in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Primates and Tree Shrews

Murakami

Fuller

1990

Brain Behav Evol

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This study compared the patterns of retinal projections and oxidative metabolism in the hypothalamus of squirrel monkeys, Bonnet macaques, and tree shrews. Intraocular injections of horseradish peroxidase in primates demonstrated that retinal terminals were present from the anterior to posterior poles of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). The terminals were primarily located in the ventral and ventrolateral regions of the SCN. In addition, there was a relatively even density and distribution of retinal terminals between the ipsilateral and contralateral projections. The pattern of oxidative metabolism in the hypothalamus of the primates examined demonstrated that the SCN is highly metabolic relative to the surrounding area, and distinct regions of the SCN exhibit clear differences in metabolism. These distinct metabolic regions may reflect functional subdivisions within the SCN. In addition, elevated metabolism is found along the hypothalamo-optic chiasm border. The retinal projection to the hypothalamus in tree shrews was very different from that of the primates examined. The contralateral retinal projection was very dense, but the ipsilateral retinal projection was very sparse. Retinal terminals were primarily distributed along the lateral border of the SCN. Both the SCN and the region lateral to the SCN exhibited elevated oxidative metabolism relative to the surrounding hypothalamus.

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Section: Primatesmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Retinohypothalamic Projection and Oxidative Metabolism in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Primates and Tree Shrews

Murakami

Fuller

1990

Brain Behav Evol

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“…In more recent studies, the predominantly contralateral pattern of projection was confirmed in the rat with cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (CT-HRP) (Johnson et al, 1988b;Levine et al, 1991), in the cat with HRP (Murakami et al, 1989), in a diurnal murid rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus, with CTb (Smale and Boverhof, 1999), and in the diurnal ground squirrel, with CT-HRP, in which this innervation was described to be exclusively contralateral (Smale et al, 1991). Contrary to our data, the retino-SCN projection in the house musk shrew was shown with HRP conjugated to wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP), to exhibit a slight ipsilateral predominance (Tokunaga et al, 1992).…”

Section: Suprachiasmatic Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…These studies identified only the SCN as the recipient of RHT fibers. Since then, more sensitive neuroanatomic tracers have revealed a widespread pathway that includes terminal fields outside the SCN in the hamster and rat (Johnson et al, 1988b), cat (Murakami et al, 1989), rat (Levine et al, 1991), and hamster (Youngstrom et al, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinohypothalamic projections in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A study using cholera toxin subunit B

et al. 1999

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“…They are also few in number, are distributed over the entire retinal expanse, and send a retinotopically unmapped projection to the SCN (Moore and Lenn, 1972;Pickard, 1980Pickard, , 1982Murakami et al, 1989;Balkema and Drager, 1990;Moore et al, 1995). These anatomical features may provide a broad-capture and integrated input to the SCN without interfering with the eye's other function of image detection.…”

Section: Functional Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Retinal projections in mice with inherited retinal degeneration: Implications for circadian photoentrainment

1998

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The availability of naturally occurring and transgenic retinal mutants has made the mouse an attractive experimental model to address questions regarding photoentrainment of circadian rhythms. However, very little is known about the retinal cells and the retinal projections to the nuclei of the murine circadian timing system. Furthermore, the effect of inherited retinal degeneration on these projections is not understood. In this report, we have used pseudorabies virus as a neuroanatomical tract tracer in mice to address a series of questions: Which retinal cells mediate circadian responses to light? What is the nature of the retinohypothalamic projection? What is the impact of the inherited retinal disorder, retinal degenerate (rd/rd), on the structures of the photoentrainment pathway? Our results show that a class ofretinal ganglion cell, morphologically similar to the type III ganglion cells of the rat, appears to project to central circadian structures of the mouse. They are few in number and sparsely distributed throughout the retina. The low number and broad distribution of these specialized retinal ganglion cells may be an adaptive mechanism to integrate environmental irradiance without compromising the spatial resolution required for vision. In addition, viral infection of conelike and rodlike photoreceptors and amacrinelike cells suggest that these cells may mediate or contribute to circadian responses to light. Inherited retinal degeneration has no obvious effect on the anatomy of the retinal cells or their projections to the circadian axis. These anatomical findings are consistent with our previous findings showing that aged rd/rd mice are capable of regulating their circadian rhythms by light with unattenuated sensitivity.

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The retinohypothalamic tract in the cat: retinal ganglion cell morphology and pattern of projection

Cited by 41 publications

References 42 publications

The Retinohypothalamic Projection and Oxidative Metabolism in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Primates and Tree Shrews

The Retinohypothalamic Projection and Oxidative Metabolism in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Primates and Tree Shrews

Retinohypothalamic projections in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): A study using cholera toxin subunit B

Retinal projections in mice with inherited retinal degeneration: Implications for circadian photoentrainment

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