The Return of ‘The Subliminal’

Kunzendorf, Robert G.; McGlinchey-Berroth, Regina

doi:10.2190/dlaf-6klb-j8vd-u2l5

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…An alternative explanation of the present results would refer to Kihlstrom and Hoyt's [15] and Kunzendorf and McGlinchey-Berroth's [16] theorizing about the mechanisms of recall. It would state that the subjects attributed perceptual material to its source quite correctly, which is not contradictory to the previous interpretation, but included imaginal material in the film description because it seemed familiar to them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The control group did not differ significantly either from the experimental group after the special instructions (p > 0. 16) or from the experimental group without the warning (p > 0.12). There was also a significant difference in the number of imagery intrusions, F(2,65) = 4.12, p < 0.05, with experimental group without the warning making more such errors than the experimental group after the special instructions, p < 0.05, and the control group, p < 0.01.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Imagination and Source Monitoring Accuracy

Niedźwieńska

2000

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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The present study was designed to explore the personal and situational determinants of the accuracy in discrimination between memories for perceived and imagined events. Three groups were administered the Creative Imagination Scale (CIS) [1]. In the first group (N = 25) and in the second group (N = 22), the image of three people meeting on a beach was additionally suggested. The third group (N = 2l) served as controls. One week later all subjects were presented a film depicting events that were similar to the previously suggested beach scene. Finally, the subjects' memories of the film were tested with recall and recognition methods. There were more imagery intrusions in the first experimental group than in the control group, i.e., subjects more often described the elements of the suggested scene as coming from the film. Before the memory test the second experimental group was warned not to confuse imagination with perception. They were as accurate in recall and recognition as controls. The number of imagery intrusions correlated significantly with the self-rated vividness of the imagined scene (0.37) but not with the CIS. The implications for practice are discussed.Various kinds of memory distortion have been recently interpreted as inability to distinguish among different sources of information [2][3][4][5][6][7]. In the source monitoring framework, Johnson and her colleagues assume that memory for source is an attribution that is the product of a judgment process [4]. From this view, information about the source of memory is not directly encoded as an abstract tag or label. It is assumed that memory representations contain certain characteristics that reflect the conditions under which they were acquired and that judgments 21 Ó 2000, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Imagination and Source Monitoring Accuracy

Niedźwieńska

2000

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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“…Previous research by Kunzendorf indicates that subliminal perception occurs only at critical levels of stimulus brevity and/or stimulus faintness: levels where a brief and/or faint stimulus is consciously perceptible if the subject knows its content in advance, but is consciously unidentifiable if the subject does not know its content in advance[15,38]. Pilot research determined that an inter-painting interval of 0.233 seconds was the level of brevity necessary for subliminal perception to occur in this experiment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Reframing Cognitive Therapy to Integrate Recent Research on Emotion, Imagery, and Self-Talk

Kunzendorf

McGlone

Hulihan³

et al. 2004

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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The current research was designed to demonstrate that people concoct stories to explain lingering emotions, when the true source of emotion has passed without conscious integration. While viewing a DVD recording of nine abstract paintings in succession, subjects observed a) subliminal pictures of disgusting stimuli in the inter-painting intervals; b) supraliminal pictures of disgusting stimuli in the inter-painting intervals; or c) no pictures in the intervals. Over half of the subliminally stimulated subjects who experienced disgust failed to identify any of the disgusting stimuli and concocted stories about the source of their disgust. Future-oriented stories were more prevalent in subjects who were “desirous of explanations” and who had a futuristic attribution style, whereas past-oriented stories were more prevalent in subjects whose attribution style was not futuristic. The current results, like other findings reviewed in the introduction to this study, are not consistent with the theoretical underpinnings of cognitive therapy. Alternative research-based reasons for the effectiveness of cognitive therapy are suggested, and clinical cases integrating these suggestions are discussed.

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“…For example, Kihlstrom, Barnhardt, and Tataryn (1992) and Kunzendorf and McGlinchey-Berroth (1998) contend that subthreshold stimuli were above the threshold that separates conscious stimulation from the nonconscious type, but below the threshold for consciously produced perception. In their view, there are situations in which a person perceives a stimulus but is not aware of its presentation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decision Making Regarding Conscious and Nonconscious Perception in Detection and Discrimination Tasks

Карпинская¹,

Владыкина²

2010

Journal of Russian & East European Psychology

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A study was done of decision making in simple psychophysical tasks of detection and discrimination. The experiments showed that it is possible to discriminate stimuli in a nondiscrimination zone and for different threshold values to exist for identical stimuli simultaneously. Any signal under the appropriate conditions can exceed the threshold and be consciously perceived or, conversely, recede into the subthreshold zone of nondiscrimination. The threshold of conscious perception of a signal plays a highly important role in the regulation of signal detection and discrimination processes.Notwithstanding the fact that research on threshold phenomena has been going on for more than a century already, scholars have yet to arrive at a consensus regarding thresholds. This article is an attempt to propose a possible solution to the problem.The prevailing view today is that the magnitude of the stimulus that generates sensations in an observer characterizes not the capabilities of the sensory system but rather the level to which the system is attuned at that moment. Nevertheless, the general notion persists that the threshold of perception is

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The Return of ‘The Subliminal’

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Imagination and Source Monitoring Accuracy

Imagination and Source Monitoring Accuracy

Reframing Cognitive Therapy to Integrate Recent Research on Emotion, Imagery, and Self-Talk

Decision Making Regarding Conscious and Nonconscious Perception in Detection and Discrimination Tasks

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