The return on investment of the clean coal technology program in the USA

Bezdek, Roger H.; Wendling, Robert M.

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2012.10.076

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Incentives are used to increase competitive advantage of the technologies over traditional coal technologies. Thus, incentives are highly emphasized in USA as reported by Geisbrecht and Dipietro , that bonus incentives are proposed for CCS through the “Lieberman‐Warner climate security act of 2007 (S.2191)” which indicates that “for any unit of CO 2 sequestered over the first ten years of CCS operations,” there is a prescribed rate of emission allowance subject to total bonuses available for both new builds and retrofits. USA initiated the Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Program (CCTDP) as early as 1985 with the aim of developing and demonstrating at commercial scale “innovative technologies that meet strict environmental standards” and allow electric power utilities and other industries to cleanly and efficiently use coal as an energy source. This program was developed as a government‐industry partnership through co‐financing, with the contribution of federal funds limited to a maximum of 50% of the funding for each project.…”

Section: Coal Utilization Status Clean Coal Policies and Policy At mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, clean coal technologies have been developed to try to reduce the emissions from coal utilization. According to Bedzek and Wendling , “Clean coal technologies” (CCTs) are described as “ new generation of energy processes that significantly reduce air emissions and other pollutants from coal‐burning power plants .” These technologies are of various types: some are designed to fit in the already designed and operating power plants through retrofits and others can be inputted in the new builds. However, studies on utilization of these CCTs have indicated that, upon adoption of a technology under this clean mechanism, constraints are met in terms of increased capital and operational costs, as well as reduced efficiencies in the operation, thereby translating to reduced profits .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, clean coal technologies have been developed to try to reduce the emissions from coal utilization. According to Bedzek and Wendling [3], "Clean coal technologies" (CCTs) are described as "new generation of energy processes that significantly reduce air emissions and other pollutants from coalburning power plants." These technologies are of various types: some are designed to fit in the already designed and operating power plants through retrofits and others can be inputted in the new builds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policy influence on clean coal uptake in China, India, Australia, and USA

Dzonzi-Undi

2016

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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This comparative study assesses clean coal related policies in China, India, Australia, and USA; and the impact of those, on uptake of clean coal technologies (CCTs) by industry. The study identifies types and examples of CCTs that can be incorporated and applied in reducing coal power related emissions; defines nature and categories of clean coal policies for purposes of exploring policies a particular country is using; and then analyzes the influence of a particular policy to the country's situation. Results indicate that progress on commercial development and deployment of these technologies is very possible in both developing and developed countries and fiscal policies are likely to increase uptake and prospects for uptake by private industry. However, integration of non‐fiscal policies with participation of private coal energy industry may also help to achieve remarkable development and uptake. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 906–913, 2016

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Section: Coal Utilization Status Clean Coal Policies and Policy At mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policy influence on clean coal uptake in China, India, Australia, and USA

Dzonzi-Undi

2016

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…For example, hydrochars could be utilized as an energy source via combustion [18]. Hydrochars derived from various biomass have been found to be comparable to bituminous and lignite coals based on chemical composition [19,20] Considering the United States and other countries' interest in clean coal technologies and the already available infrastructure, hydrochars could be utilized effectively to decrease fossil fuel demand in the US, as long as they can be produced and converted to energy at least as inexpensively as coal [21]. Similarly, hydrochars can also be used as adsorbents for mitigation of environmental pollutants from water, especially when the surfaces are functionalized with certain (e.g., oxygen and nitrogen) functional groups [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Swine Manure into Hydrochars

2019

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There is a significant interest in valorizing swine manure that is produced in enormous quantities. Therefore, considering the high moisture content in swine manure, the objective of this research was to convert manure slurry into hydrochars via hydrothermal carbonization and analyze the yields, pH, energy contents, and thermal and oxidation kinetic parameters. Experiments were performed in triplicate in 250 mL kettle reactors lined with polypropylene at 180 °C, 200 °C, 240 °C, 220 °C, and 260 °C for 24 h. Analyses of the results indicated that the process temperature affected the hydrochar yields, with yield generally decreasing with increasing temperature, but it had little effect on the composition of the hydrochar. The hydrochars were found to have higher volatile contents and H/C and O/C ratios and about 85% of the energy compared to coal. However, the presence of high fraction (35–38%) of ash in hydrochars is a serious concern and needs to be addressed before the complete utilization of hydrochars as fuels. The surface characterization of hydrochars coupled with wet chemistry experiments indicated that hydrochars were equipped with nitrogen functional groups with points of zero charges between 6.76 and 7.85, making them suitable as adsorbents and soil remediation agents and energy storage devices.

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“…Compared with other energy sources, the utilization of coal has attracted wider attention in view of the advantages of wide distribution and easy exploitation of coal. In recent years, the increasing environmental and health concerns in utilization of coal promote the emergence of clean coal technologies [1][2][3][4]. Among the clean coal technologies, coal gasification is regard as a promising utilization of coal because of its low technology cost and high conversion rate [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Markov Chain Simulation of Coal Ash Melting Point and Stochastic Optimization of Operation Temperature for Entrained Flow Coal Gasification

et al. 2019

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In the entrained flow coal gasification process, the gas production is critically affected by the operating temperature (OT) and coal ash melting point (AMP), and the AMP is one of key factors for the determinations of OT. Considering the fact that coal is a typical nonhomogeneous substance and the coal ash composition varies from batch to batch, this paper proposes the application of the Markov Chain (MC) method in simulation of the random AMP series and the stochastic optimization of OT based on MC simulation for entrained flow coal gasification. The purpose of this paper is to provide a more accurate optimal OT decision method for entrained flow coal gasification practice. In this paper, the AMP was regarded as a random variable, and the random process method, Markov Chain, was used to describe the random AMP series of feed coal. Firstly, the MC simulation model about AMP was founded according to an actual sample data, 200 sets of AMP data from an industrial gasification plant under three simulation schemes (the sample data were individually divided into 16, eight and four state groups,). The comparisons between the simulation results and the actual values show that the founded MC simulation model descries the AMP series very well. Then, a stochastic programming model based on MC simulation for OT optimization was developed. Finally, this stochastic programming optimization model was optimized by genetic algorithm (GA). Comparing with the conventional OT optimization method, the proposed stochastic OT optimization model integrated MC simulation can ascertain a more accurate OT for guiding the coal gasification practice.

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The return on investment of the clean coal technology program in the USA

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Policy influence on clean coal uptake in China, India, Australia, and USA

Policy influence on clean coal uptake in China, India, Australia, and USA

Valorization of Swine Manure into Hydrochars

Markov Chain Simulation of Coal Ash Melting Point and Stochastic Optimization of Operation Temperature for Entrained Flow Coal Gasification

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