The reversal of perceptual and motor compatibility effects differs qualitatively between metacontrast and random-line masks

Atas, Anne; Anton, Estibaliz San; Cleeremans, Axel

doi:10.1007/s00426-014-0611-3

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…For instance, Sumner (2008) found that the NCE was not different between classical random-line masks and fully irrelevant masks. More recently, Atas, San Anton, and Cleeremans (2014) showed that the origin of the NCE obtained with random line masks was purely motor, which is consistent with the motor inhibitory account. This NCE was not correlated with the NCE obtained with metacontrast masks, which elicited strong perceptual object updating effects.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

The temporal dynamic of automatic inhibition of irrelevant actions.

Atas

Cleeremans

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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Motor inhibition can occur even without conscious perception and any voluntary effort. Although it is now clear that such an inhibitory process needs time to unfold, its exact temporal dynamic remains to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study aims to examine the impact of various temporal factors on automatic motor inhibition using the masked priming task. Results show that this process can be modulated by any factor that introduces time between the mask onset and the execution of target response, whether it stems from a purely external origin (mask-target stimulus-onset asynchrony [SOA]), a purely internal origin (spontaneous reaction time [RT] fluctuations), or a mix of both (RT fluctuations from the target sequence). Moreover, when the external temporal factor could not determine the direction of prime influence, the RT fluctuations had the strongest impact on the priming effect. These RT fluctuations are plausibly the result of spontaneous trial-to-trial changes from more impulsive and error-prone decisions to more cautious and accurate decisions to the target. Indeed, both accuracy and speed were equally required during the task, but both requirements are impossible to achieve perfectly in every trial. This suggests that fluctuations in the level of caution in voluntary decisions can modulate unconscious and involuntary motor inhibition.

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confidence: 64%

The temporal dynamic of automatic inhibition of irrelevant actions.

Atas

Cleeremans

2015

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…Therefore, Experiment 3 was carried out to compare conflict adaptation between different SOA and different prime duration conditions. Note that using arrow primes masked by metacontrast masks (or random-line masks) in combination with long mask–target SOAs (i.e., 100–150 ms) induces negative compatibility effects instead of positive compatibility effects (see, e.g., Atas, San Anton, & Cleeremans, 2014; Eimer & Schlaghecken, 2003; Lingnau & Vorberg, 2005; McBride, Boy, Husain, & Sumner, 2012). Therefore, we used random pixel masks, which have elicited positive compatibility effects even at a mask–target SOA of 100 ms in previous studies (Desender, Van Opstal, & Van den Bussche, 2014; Reuss, Desender, Kiesel, & Kunde, 2014; Verleger, Jaśkowski, Aydemir, van der Lubbe, & Groen, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation.

Atas

Desender

Gevers

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

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The detection of a conflict between relevant and irrelevant information on a given trial typically results in a smaller conflict effect on the next trial. This sequential effect has been interpreted as an expression of cognitive control implemented to resolve conflict. In this context, 2 different but related issues have received increasing attention in the literature. The first issue is whether the detection of motor conflict is necessary to induce cognitive control or, alternatively, whether the detection of perceptual conflict is sufficient. The second issue concerns whether awareness of the conflict is necessary to induce cognitive control. Here, we address both issues in a single design. Our reaction-time (RT) results indicate that conflict-driven control is domain-specific. The detection of perceptual conflict on the previous trial selectively reduces perceptual conflict on the next trial. Similarly, the detection of motor conflict on the previous trial selectively reduces motor conflict on the next trial. For errors, adaptive control seemed to be more general: The detection of perceptual or motor conflict on the previous trial reduced the frequency of errors on response-conflict trials. Furthermore, unconsciously triggered conflict adaptation was observed, but not systematically. Results on errors provide some evidence that sensitivity to an unconscious conflict on the previous trial reduces the frequency of errors on the current trial. For RT analyses however, unconscious conflict appeared not to be sufficient to induce cognitive control. This pattern of results is in line with previous studies examining the role of consciousness in conflict adaptation.

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“…Instead, the evaluation window model would suppose an abrupt shift from PCE to NCE depending on whether the evaluation window did or did not include the prime. Klauer and Dittrich (2010) addressed this limitation by suggesting that the NCE could be explained by multiple mechanisms, with the evaluation window being one of them; similarly, other authors (Atas et al, 2015) have also suggested that both object updating and self-inhibition could underlie the NCE. In a way, the neural habituation model is as a cohesive implementation of these different mechanisms, directly showing how the varied NCE results can be explained by the combination of perceptual and response priming.…”

Section: Relationship To Other Nce Theoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A neural habituation account of the negative compatibility effect.

Jacob¹,

Potter²,

Huber³

2021

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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The negative compatibility effect (NCE) is the finding of slower reaction times (RTs) to report the direction of a target arrow following a subliminal prime arrow pointed in the same direction. The NCE is commonly thought to reflect automatic response inhibition, and on this assumption, it has recently been used to assess various motor disorders. Here we propose a fundamentally different account of the NCE: one that relates the NCE to a broader class of paradigms that reveal behavioral deficits with repetition priming. We propose that the NCE is a "cognitive aftereffect," as explained with the neural habituation model of Huber and O'Reilly (2003). To identify the underlying perceptual dynamics by reducing the role of response preparation, we developed a novel variant of the NCE task with threshold accuracy rather than RT as the dependent measure. This revealed a transition from positive to negative priming as a function of prime duration, and a second experiment ruled out response priming. The perceptual dynamics of the neural habituation model were fit to these results and then fixed in applying the model to the NCE literature. Application of the model to RTs added a response layer that accumulates response information throughout the trial. With this addition, the model captured results found in the NCE literature that are inconsistent with a response inhibition account. Situations that produce a positive compatibility effect, rather than an NCE, were explained as response priming, whereas NCE effects were explained as a cognitive aftereffect, rooted in perceptual dynamics.

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The reversal of perceptual and motor compatibility effects differs qualitatively between metacontrast and random-line masks

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

The temporal dynamic of automatic inhibition of irrelevant actions.

The temporal dynamic of automatic inhibition of irrelevant actions.

Dissociating perception from action during conscious and unconscious conflict adaptation.

A neural habituation account of the negative compatibility effect.

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