“…According to Barnes and Olson, at the family level, communication can be categorized into positive and negative communication: in positive communication, parents and children can communicate with open hearts and minds, and they are free to share what they know and their emotional experiences, as well as to understand and trust each other (Buehler et al, 2022). Negative communication, on the other hand, refers to some of the negative outcomes that occur during parent-child communication, such as, intensi ed con ict, rigidity of relationship, and emotional outbursts (Yang & Zeng, 2023). In families with high-quality parent-child communication, positive communication is often used, and parents and children can have positive interactions with each other, which strengthens the emotional connection between family members, creates a favorable family atmosphere, and, in a sense, relieves parents' educational anxiety (Galvin et al, 1983;Borre & Kliewer, 2014).…”