The rheology of crystal-bearing basaltic magmas from Stromboli and Etna

Vona, Alessandro; Romano, Claudia; Dingwell, D. B.; Giordano, Daniele

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2011.03.031

Cited by 183 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…10,11,and 12), and this can strongly modify the rheology of a trachytic magma, favoring rapid changes in eruptive style or ending of the eruption. Our results allow us to constrain the processes producing the change in eruptive style from pumice to scoria type deposits due to an increase of magma viscosity (Caricchi et al 2008;Vona et al 2011), quantitatively supporting the idea of D 'Oriano et al (2005) about plug generation in the volcanic conduit in the last eruptive phase. In fact, values of ϕ between 0.80 and 0.90 observed in the natural scoriae of Monte Nuovo produced in this phase requires higher ΔT and lower P, as suggested from the experiments.…”

Section: Implication For Magma Dynamics During the Monte Nuovo Eruptionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

et al. 2016

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We present crystallization experiments representing a broad range of growth conditions of alkali feldspar and sodalite in a trachy-phonolite magma composition during later stages of evolution. Our results include (i) textural data and mineral assemblages of synthetic samples; (ii) feldspar nucleation kinetics and growth rate estimates; and (iii) textural data, mineral abundances, and crystal size distribution measurements on samples representative of the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 AD), the last eruption of Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy. Experiments reproduced the texture and feldspar content of natural products indicating that kinetic data can provide insights into processes within the volcanic system shortly before and during this small-magnitude eruption and, particularly, about magma ascent timescale. We suggest that the groundmass crystallization of Monte Nuovo magma started between 4 and 7 km depth (∼100-200 MPa) at a temperature between 825 and 840°C (close to the liquidus of alkali feldspar). The crystallization kinetics of alkali feldspar and the absence of sodalite in most of the natural samples indicate that magma ascent rate increased in the shallow part of the conduit from about 3 km depth to the quenching level (possibly fragmentation point; ∼30 MPa), during the first phases of the eruption.The crystallization time of the magma requires that it ascended from pre-eruptive storage to the quenching level in several hours to a few days. We also observe that a small decrease in pressure can induce a dramatic increase in crystallinity, with associated rheological changes, leading to changes in the eruption style, and such changes could occur on timescales of hours to several days. The products from the later phases of the Monte Nuovo eruption are more crystalline and contain sodalite in response to the decrease in magma ascent rate, which in turn allowed for more degassing during ascent, resulting in more time spent at very shallow depths.

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Section: Implication For Magma Dynamics During the Monte Nuovo Eruptionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

et al. 2016

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“…We selected four natural compositions: basalt from Mt. Etna (ETN, Giordano and Dingwell, 2003a;Vona et al, 2011); latite from Fondo Riccio -Phlegrean fields (FR, Giordano et al, 2006;Misiti et al, 2011;Di Genova et al, 2014); trachyte from Agnano Monte Spina -Phlegrean fields (AMS-B1, Romano et al, 2003) and pantellerite from Pantelleria Island (PS, Di Genova et al, 2013). The compositions selected allow to explore the wide chemical variation characterizing natural magmas and to address in detail the effect of specific chemical parameters on the internal energy of the liquids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat capacity, configurational heat capacity and fragility of hydrous magmas

Genova

Romano

Giordano

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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International audienceThe glassy and liquid heat capacities of four series of dry and hydrous natural glasses and magma as a function of temperature and water content (up to 19.9 mol%) were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The analyzed compositions are basalt, latite, trachyte and pantellerite. The results of this study indicate that the measured heat capacity of glasses (Cpg) is a linear function of composition and is well reproduced by the empirical model of Richet (1987). For the investigated glasses, the partial molar heat capacity of water can be considered as independent of composition, in agreement with Bouhifd et al. (2006). For hydrous liquids, the heat capacity (Cpliq) decreases nonlinearly with increasing water content. Previously published models, combined with the partial molar heat capacity of water from the literature, are not able to reproduce our experimental data in a satisfactory way. We estimated the partial molar heat capacity of water (CpH2O) in hydrous magma over a broad compositional range. The proposed value is 41 ± 3 J mol-1 K-1. Water strongly affects the configurational heat capacity at the glass transition temperature [Cpconf (Tg)]. An increases of Cpconf (Tg) with water content was measured for the polymerized liquids (trachyte and pantellerite), while the opposite behavior was observed for the most depolymerized liquids (basalt and latite). Structural and rheological implications of this behavior are discussed in light of the presented results

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“…Crystals are produced in these experiments during the crystallization process of the melt at subliquidus conditions. The rheological behavior of the crystal and melt suspension can be examined at a variety of different temperatures (Pinkerton and Norton, 1995;Sato, 2005;Ishibashi and Sato, 2007;Ishibashi, 2009;Vona et al, 2011). This third approach is advantageous because researchers can examine the sequential variation of both the crystal texture and rheological properties during the cooling of a sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscosity changes during crystallization of a shoshonitic magma: new insights on lava flow emplacement

Vetere

Sato

Ishibashi

et al. 2013

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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Viscosity changes during the crystallization of a shoshonitic lava from the Vulcanello peninsula (Aeolian Islands, southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) were measured by use of a electromagnetic rotational viscometer under Ni-NiO buffered conditions at temperatures ranging from 1539 K to 1381 K. Results showed an increase in effective viscosity from 131 Pa s to 15320 Pa s as the crystal content increased from 0 vol% to ~ 14 vol%. The crystallization processes in the nominally dry shoshonite began at 1420 K with the formation of clinopyroxene, which was followed by the formation of plagioclase and olivine at 1401 K. Experimental observations differed from predictions derived from the use of the Einstein -Roscoe equation with the Marsh (E -R -M) parameter at crystal contents higher than 8 vol%. The relative viscosity of samples was larger than that calculated by E -R -M by a factor of up to 9.5 as the temperature decreased to 1381 K. The large departure of the experimental results from the E -R -M equation predictions was likely caused by the interaction of elongated pyroxene crystals. The measured viscosity data were used to estimate the potential for emplacement of shoshonitic lavas.

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The rheology of crystal-bearing basaltic magmas from Stromboli and Etna

Cited by 183 publications

References 101 publications

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

Heat capacity, configurational heat capacity and fragility of hydrous magmas

Viscosity changes during crystallization of a shoshonitic magma: new insights on lava flow emplacement

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