We report the results of neutron elastic-scattering measurements made between − 250• C and 620• C on the lead-free relaxor (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 (NBT). Strong, anisotropic, elastic diffuse scattering intensity decorates the (100), (110), (111), (200), (210), and (220) Bragg peaks at room temperature. The wave-vector dependence of this diffuse scattering is compared to that in the lead-based relaxor Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 (PMN) to determine if any features might be common to relaxors. Prominent ridges in the elastic diffuse scattering intensity contours that extend along 110 are seen that exhibit the same zone dependence as those observed in PMN and other lead-based relaxors. These ridges disappear gradually on heating above the cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition temperature T CT = 523• C, which is also near the temperature at which the dielectric permittivity begins to deviate from Curie-Weiss behavior. We thus identify the 110 -oriented ridges as a relaxor-specific property. The diffuse scattering contours also display narrower ridges oriented along 100 that are consistent with the x-ray results of Kreisel et al. [Phys. Rev. B 68, 014113 (2003)]; these vanish near 320• C, indicating that they have a different physical origin. The 100 -oriented ridges are not observed in PMN. We observe no equivalent relaxorspecific elastic diffuse scattering from the homovalent relaxor analogues K 0.95 Li 0.05 TiO 3 (A-site disordered) and KTa 0.95 Nb 0.05 O 3 (B-site disordered). This suggests that the 110 -oriented diffuse scattering ridges are correlated with the presence of strong random electric fields and invites a reassessment of what defines the relaxor phase. We find that doping NBT with 5.6% BaTiO 3 , a composition close to the morphotropic phase boundary with enhanced piezoelectric properties, increases the room-temperature correlation length along ) superlattice reflection associated with the Cc space group based on the atomic coordinates published in the x-ray study by Aksel et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 152901 (2011)] for NBT. We show that a skin effect, analogous to that reported in the relaxors PZN-xPT and PMN-xPT, can reconcile our neutron single-crystal data with the x-ray powder data of Aksel et al. [Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 152901 (2011)]. Our finding of a skin effect in a lead-free, A-site disordered, heterovalent relaxor supports the idea that it arises in the presence of strong random electric fields.