The riddle of shiftwork and disturbed chronobiology: a case study of landmark smoking data demonstrates fallacies of not considering the ubiquity of an exposure

Erren, Thomas C.; Lewis, Philip; Morfeld, Peter

doi:10.1186/s12995-020-00263-2

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 23 publications

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“…Light is the strongest synchronizer of CRs, and exposure to ambient light at the right time could reduce CRDs and, thus, improve cancer patient physical and functional outcomes (126)(127)(128)(129)(130). Endocrine disruption due to exposure light during the circadian night has been implicated as carcinogenic, both in animal studies and in epidemiological studies in humans (131).…”

Section: Environmental and Behavioral Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Circadian Rhythms on the Development and Clinical Management of Genitourinary Cancers

et al. 2022

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The circadian system is an innate clock mechanism that governs biological processes on a near 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythm disruption (i.e., misalignment of circadian rhythms), which results from the lack of synchrony between the master circadian clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and the environment (i.e., exposure to day light) or the master clock and the peripheral clocks, has been associated with increased risk of and unfavorable cancer outcomes. Growing evidence supports the link between circadian disruption and increased prevalence and mortality of genitourinary cancers (GU) including prostate, bladder, and renal cancer. The circadian system also plays an essential role on the timely implementation of chronopharmacological treatments, such as melatonin and chronotherapy, to reduce tumor progression, improve therapeutic response and reduce negative therapy side effects. The potential benefits of the manipulating circadian rhythms in the clinical setting of GU cancer detection and treatment remain to be exploited. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on the influence of circadian rhythms on (disease) cancer development and hope to elucidate the unmet clinical need of defining the extensive involvement of the circadian system in predicting risk for GU cancer development and alleviating the burden of implementing anti-cancer therapies.

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Section: Environmental and Behavioral Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Circadian Rhythms on the Development and Clinical Management of Genitourinary Cancers

et al. 2022

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Perinatal photoperiod associations with diabetes and chronotype prevalence in a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank

Lewis

Morfeld

Mohren

et al. 2021

Chronobiology International

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Experimental studies indicate that perinatal light may imprint the circadian timing system, subsequently affect later life physiology, and possibly disease risk. We combined individual time-of-year of birth and corresponding latitude to determine perinatal photoperiod characteristics for UK Biobank participants (n = 460,761) and tested for associations with diabetes mellitus (DM, the pathophysiology of which is often linked with circadian disruption) and chronotype (a trait co-governed by the circadian timing system) prevalence in a cross-sectional investigation. The UK Biobank is a population-based cohort with a 5.5% participation rate (~9.2 million individuals were invited into the study between 2006 and 2010). We defined three groups based on photoperiods experienced in the 3 rd trimester of pregnancy and first 3 months post-birth time windows: (1) those who exclusively experienced non-extreme photoperiods (NEP, 8-16 hours), (2) those who experienced at least one extreme short photoperiod (ESP, <8 hours), and those who experienced at least one extreme long photoperiod (ELP, >16 hours). For individuals in each group and time window, mean daily photoperiod and relative photoperiod range (relative = relative to the mean) were calculated. Inclusion of relative photoperiod range adds dispersion information (relative change of photoperiods) to statistical models. Multivariable and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Increased 3 rd trimester relative range was associated with decreased odds of DM (OR 0.63 95%CI 0.49-0.81) in the NEP group, but increased odds of DM were detected for the ESP (OR 1.34, 95%CI 0.96-1.86) and ELP groups (OR 1.32, 95%CI 0.78-2.22). Increased 3 rd trimester relative range was associated with increased odds of being a "Morning" (OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.02-1.41) or "Evening" (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.21-1.69) chronotype in the NEP group, but this was not observed in other groups. Additionally, different effect sizes and directions of association with DM were observed in different strata of ethnicity and chronotype and statistically significant odds ratio modifications were detected. In conclusion, perinatal photoperiod associations with DM and chronotype prevalence are detected in the UK Biobank. NEP, ESP, and ELP differences are speculated to be caused by a non-linear dose-response to photoperiods from 0-24 hours or by confounding due to artificial light playing a dominant role in ESP individuals and seeking darkness in ELP individuals. Ethnicity and chronotype may be important effect modifiers of perinatal photoperiod associations with DM. Potential for selection biases due to low UK Biobank participation rate disallows stating conclusions too strongly. Overall, further studies are needed to confirm different perinatal photoperiod associations with DM and chronotype. Further investigations into the hypothesized imprinting mechanism are also warranted.

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Circadian epidemiology: Structuring circadian causes of disease and practical implications

Erren,

Morfeld

2023

Chronobiology International

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The riddle of shiftwork and disturbed chronobiology: a case study of landmark smoking data demonstrates fallacies of not considering the ubiquity of an exposure

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Impact of Circadian Rhythms on the Development and Clinical Management of Genitourinary Cancers

Impact of Circadian Rhythms on the Development and Clinical Management of Genitourinary Cancers

Perinatal photoperiod associations with diabetes and chronotype prevalence in a cross-sectional study of the UK Biobank

Circadian epidemiology: Structuring circadian causes of disease and practical implications

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