The Ries impact, a double-layer rampart crater on Earth

Sturm, Sebastian; Wulf, G.; Jung, Dietmar; Kenkmann, T.

doi:10.1130/g33934.1

Cited by 37 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast to the enormous amount of proximal continuous impact ejecta in the surroundings of the Ries crater within a distance of 30-40 km and distal ejecta boulders in a distance of up to 200 km from the crater rim (e.g., Buchner et al, 2007;Sturm et al, 2013), impact ejecta outside the Steinheim Basin impact crater have never been described in the literature or mapped in the local geological charts. Generally, the lack of an ejecta blanket around the Steinheim crater could be explained in the following ways: 1. it has been eroded away; 2. it exists but has not been recognized; 3. it never formed.…”

Section: Description Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…On Earth, interaction with the atmosphere and/or fluids in target rocks are responsible for multiphase ejecta formation, transfer of 1.5-2 crater radii for a continuous ejecta blanket (e.g., Barlow, 2005), and on the order of 2-3 crater diameters for distal ejecta (e.g., Melosh, 1989). Sturm et al (2013) recently demonstrated that the Ries ejecta blanket in southern Germany contains a massive and continuous, dual-layer rampart structure at 1.45-2.12 crater radii from the crater center, whereas the most distal coarse-grained ejecta (the lithic ejecta clasts of the ''Ries-Brockhorizont'') was identified in fluvial sandy deposits of the North Alpine Foreland Basin in northern Switzerland nearly 200 km ($8 crater diameters) away from the Ries crater rim (Hofmann and Gnos, 2006;Buchner et al, 2007;Alwmark et al, 2012). Crucial factors for the acceleration and distribution of impact ejecta such as velocity, angle and property of the impacting body have been discussed in detail (e.g.…”

Section: Deposition and Distribution Of Impact Ejectamentioning

confidence: 97%

“…2). Sturm et al (2013) recently identified the Ries crater as being a terrestrial double-layer rampart crater, a crater type so far known only from Mars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Steinheim Basin impact crater (SW-Germany) – Where are the ejecta?

Buchner

Schmieder²

2015

Icarus

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Section: Description Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Deposition and Distribution Of Impact Ejectamentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Steinheim Basin impact crater (SW-Germany) – Where are the ejecta?

Buchner

Schmieder²

2015

Icarus

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“…Schematic map of Ries crater, showing the present Bunte Breccia distribution (modified after data from Sturm et al. ). The locations of the drill cores Otting (~16.5 km E from the crater center) and Itzing (~20 km ESE from the crater center) are indicated by black dots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent compilation of the Ries Bunte Breccia thickness (Sturm et al. ) revealed a continuous deposit with a reduced thickness at ~1.00–1.45 Rc (crater radii) and a thick accumulation at ~1.45–2.12 Rc. This forms a moat and rampart morphology similar in shape and scale to the morphology of the inner layer of double‐layered ejecta craters on Mars as described by Boyce and Mouginis‐Mark () and Wulf and Kenkmann ().…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ries Bunte Breccia revisited: Indications for the presence of water in Itzing and Otting drill cores and implications for the emplacement process

Pietrek

Kenkmann

2016

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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We reassessed two drill cores of the Bunte Breccia deposits of the Ries crater, Germany. The objectives of our study were the documentation of evidence for water in the Bunte Breccia, the evaluation of how that water influenced the emplacement processes, and from which preimpact water reservoir it was derived. The Bunte Breccia in both cores can be structured into a basal layer composed mainly of local substrate material, overlain by texturally and compositionally diverse, crater‐derived breccia units. The basal layer is composed of the youngest sediments (Tertiary clays and Upper Jurassic limestone) and has a razor‐sharp boundary to the upper breccia units, which are composed of older rocks of Upper Jurassic to Upper Triassic age. Sparse material exchange occurred between the basal layer and the rest of the Bunte Breccia. Fluids predominantly came from the Tertiary and the Upper Triassic sandstone formation. In the basal layer, Tertiary clays were subjected to intense, ductile deformation, indicating saturation with water. This suggests that water was mixed into the matrix, creating a fluidized basal layer with a strong shear localization. In the upper units, Upper Triassic sandstones are intensely deformed by granular flow. The texture requires that the rocks were disaggregated into granular sand. Vaporization of pore water probably aided fragmentation of these rocks. In the Otting core, hot suevite (T > 600 °C) covered the Bunte Breccia shortly after its emplacement. Vertically oriented gas escape pipes in suevite partly emanate directly at the contact to the Bunte Breccia. They indicate that the Bunte Breccia contained a substantial amount of water in the upper part that was vaporized and escaped through these vents.

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Characteristic landforms and geomorphic features associated with impact structures: Observations at the Dhala structure, north‐central India

Singh

Pati

Sinha

et al. 2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Geomorphological study of some of the just more than 200 known terrestrial impact structures has demonstrated that despite extensive degradation, important geomorphological keys, such as drainage pattern, topographic signatures, erosional landforms, and depositional features, can still be assessed. They can provide possible indicators to assist in the recognition of further impact structures, especially on Precambrian shields and cratonic landmasses. This study documents the surface features and landforms of the Paleoproterozoic, about 11 km diameter Dhala impact structure in India. The Dhala structure has an estimated age that is constrained stratigraphically between 1.7 and 2.5 Ga. This structure is deeply eroded, and barely has a morphological resemblance to other known terrestrial or extraterrestrial impact structures.We have analyzed the operative surface-forming processes for the Dhala area.We demand to continue the in-depth study of all terrestrial impact structures, especially the pre-Paleozoic ones, so that geomorphological criteria can be rigorously constrained and applied in conjunction with a priori remote sensing and field data to support the identification of new structures prior to their ultimate confirmation using diagnostic evidence of shock metamorphism.

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The Ries impact, a double-layer rampart crater on Earth

Cited by 37 publications

References 19 publications

The Steinheim Basin impact crater (SW-Germany) – Where are the ejecta?

The Steinheim Basin impact crater (SW-Germany) – Where are the ejecta?

Ries Bunte Breccia revisited: Indications for the presence of water in Itzing and Otting drill cores and implications for the emplacement process

Characteristic landforms and geomorphic features associated with impact structures: Observations at the Dhala structure, north‐central India

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