The Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt 1977–1978 2. Ecological and entomological studies

Hoogstraal, Harry; Meegan, James M.; Khalil, Galila M.; Adham, Fatma K.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(79)90005-1

Cited by 170 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…They associated this finding with the previous widespread abortions in camel herds which had instigated their investigations. Antibody to RVF in camel sera has also been reported from the sub-Saharan region of Nigeria (Fagbami, Tomori & Kemp, 1973) and more recently from Egypt (Ali & Kamel, 1978;Hoogstraal et al 1979) where RVF virus was also isolated from a camel (Imam, Karamany & Darwish, 1978) and the Sudan (Eisa, 1981).…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: the presence of antibody to the virus in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Davies

Koros

Mbugua

1985

J. Hyg.

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mentioning

confidence: 78%

Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: the presence of antibody to the virus in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Davies

Koros

Mbugua

1985

J. Hyg.

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“…The disease is not considered to be contagious, and livestock generally acquire infection from transmission by arthropod vectors. In contrast, humans commonly become infected from contact with blood or other tissues of infected animals, but on occasion there appears to have been aerosol or droplet infection via mucosal surfaces, a phenomenon which has been demonstrated experimentally and which renders RVFV a candidate for use as a bioweapon [4,17,[35][36][37][38]. Hence, the apparent ability of SIN-based replicon vaccine to protect against intranasal RVFV challenge could be an important advantage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An alphavirus replicon-derived candidate vaccine against Rift Valley fever virus

Heise

Whitmore²,

Thompson

et al. 2009

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARY Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a mosquito-transmitted bunyavirus (genus Phlebovirus)associated with severe disease in livestock and fatal encephalitis or haemorrhagic fever in a proportion of infected humans. Although live attenuated and inactivated vaccines have been used in livestock, and on a limited scale in humans, there is a need for improved anti-RVFV vaccines. Towards this goal, Sindbis virus replicon vectors expressing the RVFV Gn and Gc glycoproteins, as well as the non-structural nsM protein, were constructed and evaluated for their ability to induce protective immune responses against RVFV. These replicon vectors were shown to produce the RVFV glycoproteins to high levels in vitro and to induce systemic anti-RVFV antibody responses in immunized mice, as determined by RVFV-specific ELISA, fluorescent antibody tests, and demonstration of a neutralizing antibody response. Replicon vaccination also provided 100% protection against lethal RVFV challenge by either the intraperitoneal or intranasal route. Furthermore, preliminary results indicate that the replicon vectors elicit RVFV-specific neutralizing antibody responses in vaccinated sheep. These results suggest that alphavirus-based replicon vectors can induce protective immunity against RVFV, and that this approach merits further investigation into its potential utility as a RVFV vaccine.

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“…12 African buffalo ( Syncerus caffer ) and Asian water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) have been found to have high RVFV seroprevalence in other cross-sectional surveillance studies in Africa, and it has been suggested that they may serve as one of the amplifying hosts for RVFV. 13,14 Published reports also document that buffalo experience significant morbidity (fetal loss) from wild-type RVFV infections, and RVFV has been isolated from a water buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ) fetus. 14,15 The objectives of this study were to identify whether lowlevel RVFV transmission is ongoing in African Buffalo ( Syncerus caffer caffer ) in Kruger National Park, South Africa, to examine the variation in buffalo RVFV seroprevalence over time, and to re-examine the potential contribution of infected buffalo to local RVFV transmission during and in between periods of known epizootics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds in Rural South Africa: Evidence of Interepidemic Transmission

LaBeaud¹,

Cross

Getz

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging biodefense pathogen that poses significant threats to human and livestock health. To date, the interepidemic reservoirs of RVFV are not well defined. In a longitudinal survey of infectious diseases among African buffalo during [2000][2001][2002][2003][2004][2005][2006], 550 buffalo were tested for antibodies against RVFV in 820 capture events in 302 georeferenced locations in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Overall, 115 buffalo (21%) were seropositive. Seroprevalence of RVFV was highest (32%) in the first study year, and decreased progressively in subsequent years, but had no detectable impact on survival. Nine (7%) of 126 resampled, initially seronegative animals seroconverted during periods outside any reported regional RVFV outbreaks. Seroconversions for RVFV were detected in significant temporal clusters during 2001-2003 and in 2004. These findings highlight the potential importance of wildlife as reservoirs for RVFV and interepidemic RVFV transmission in perpetuating regional RVFV transmission risk. Sabie (2003Sabie ( -2006 regions of the park ( Figure 1 ). Briefly, from a defined sub-region of Kruger National Park having a buffalo population of approximately 3,000, 593 buffalo were captured at 302 georeferenced locations by using aerial or ground darting techniques, working in close collaboration with veterinarians in Kruger National Park.Captured animals were tested for exposure to infections and uniquely branded and given subcutaneous insertion of microchip tags for later identification. A subset (n = 167) were fitted with either radio collars or global positioning system collars for tracking and weekly to monthly follow-up. Because male and female buffalo have horns, it was impossible for a radio collar to come off an animal without tearing through the belting. We identified mortality events by the belting still being intact and the remains of a carcass. We assumed that a radio collar had fallen off if the belting was severed and no carcass was present after an extensive search of the area. 18 We estimated time since death (0-30 days) using the extent of carcass remains.18 During the study, there were 288 live repeat captures among the 593 buffalo studied and 55 documented deaths among the 167 tracked animals.Ethical approval. Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approval was through University of California Berkeley #R217-0402 to Wayne M. Getz. This protocol was also reviewed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee for the South Africa National Parks.Animal assessment. Animals < 5 years of age were assigned to an age group on the basis of physical examination for incisor eruption pattern.19 Age of animals ≥ 5 years of age at the time of first examination was determined by visual comparison of horn development and body size to a calibrated photographic reference collection. 17,20 Four age groups were considered: youngest = 1-3 years, mid-low = 3-5 years, mid-high = 5-8 years, highest = more than 8 years.Testing for antibodies ...

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The Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt 1977–1978 2. Ecological and entomological studies

Cited by 170 publications

References 5 publications

Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: the presence of antibody to the virus in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Rift Valley Fever in Kenya: the presence of antibody to the virus in camels (Camelus dromedarius)

An alphavirus replicon-derived candidate vaccine against Rift Valley fever virus

Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) Herds in Rural South Africa: Evidence of Interepidemic Transmission

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