Perceived control plays an important role in shaping development throughout adulthood and old age. Using data from the adult lifespan sample of the national German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP; N > 10,000, covering 25 years of measurement), we explored long-term antecedents, correlates, and outcomes of perceived control and examined if associations differ with age. Targeting correlates and antecedents of control, findings indicated that higher concurrent levels of social participation, life satisfaction, and self-rated health as well as more positive changes in social participation over the preceding 11 years were each predictive of between-person differences in perceived control. Targeting health outcomes of control, survival analyses revealed that perceived control predicted 14-year hazard rates for disability (n = 996 became disabled) and mortality (n = 1,382 died). The effect for mortality, but not for disability, was independent of socio-demographic and psychosocial factors. Overall, we found very limited support for agedifferential associations. Our results provide further impetus to thoroughly examine processes involved in antecedent-consequent relations among perceived control, facets of social life, wellbeing, and health.
KeywordsControl; Lifespan Development; Disability; Mortality; Psychosocial
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NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPsychol Aging. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2012 September 1.
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptIndividuals' perceived control plays an integral role for adult development and successful aging (Baltes & Baltes, 1986;Bandura, 1997;Brandtstädter, & Greve, 1994;Heckhausen & Schulz, 1995;Krause, 2007;Lachman, 2006;Rowe & Kahn, 1987;Uchino, 2006). Conceptual frameworks and empirical reports both suggest that perceived control is related to central indicators of engagement, well-being, and health (Femia, Zarit, & Johansson, 1997;Kunzmann, Little, & Smith, 2002;Penninx et al., 1997;Rodin, 1986;Skaff, 2007). However, because the evidence is often based on cross-sectional or short-term longitudinal data, little is known about the underlying long-term developmental dynamics and whether these associations differ across adulthood and old age. In the current study, we...