The rise and fall of the polluter-pays principle in developing countries

Luppi, Barbara; Parisi, Francesco; Rajagopalan, Shruti

doi:10.1016/j.irle.2011.10.002

Cited by 69 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The EPR, based on specific European and National Regulations such as the one on the Management of Waste of Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), is one of the market instruments used to protect the environment, precisely aiming to modify the operators' economic behavior upstream (and consumers). The EPR is intimately connected to the additional cardinal principle in environmental and waste matters, known as the Polluter Pays Principle, which sets up a form of objective liability for the polluter [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular Economy and E-Waste: An Opportunity from RFID TAGs

2019

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In this work, a deep economic and technical analysis for the enhancement of e-waste hierarchy applied to the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags is presented. Nowadays, the RFID technology represents a valuable solution for many applications to improve the quality and efficiency of the supply chain, as well as for enhanced people or object identification and smart devices. This leads to massive usage of such devices that could represent a threat to the environment, since they are often considered as generic waste and no specific e-waste policy has been identified for RFID. For these reasons, the paper presents a study based on the desk research technique to propose several possibilities currently available for producers of different RFID devices in order to mitigate this problem at every e-waste hierarchy stage, i.e., ecological design and prevention, reuse, recycle, and disposal. Moreover, a cost/benefit analysis has been reported in order to highlight the economic advantages related to the RFID tags reuse, as well as environmental impact reduction. Results proved that passive RFID tags represent the major candidate for the e-waste hierarchy enhancement at every level, demonstrating that it is more convenient for the producer to consider an ecologically aware design and promote a take-back system for tags in order to take advantages from the solution proposed for the RFID e-waste hierarchy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular Economy and E-Waste: An Opportunity from RFID TAGs

2019

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“…Pakistan being downwind state depends upon upwind pollutions. India has a good experience of applying the polluter pays principle within own territory (Luppi et al 2012), which can be extended across the borders to compensate downwind victims. We have regional examples of multilateral cooperative initiatives like marine basins (Pernetta and Jiang 2013) and the South China Sea (Bewers and Pernetta 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative control of regional transboundary air pollutants

et al. 2019

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Background: After food and water, clean air is essential for continuity of life on the planet. Complex trans-boundary air pollution problem is often linked to sustenance and eutrophication. Air pollution problem has no universal conventions like Montreal and Kyoto protocols in case of refrigerants, except regional cooperative solutions. Polluter-pays principle is typically restricted to the source country. Under article 16, International Environment Law mentions the polluter-pay principle without any legitimate power to mitigate the transboundary air pollution risks. Mongolia, Botswana, and Pakistan are ranked as the most polluted countries, although their accumulative emissions are lesser than any of the coal power producing countries. Results: China, South Africa, and India produce 68-79% of their electricity using coal-fired power plants, emitting harmful pollutants into the common air. Regional winds drive upwind smog into their adjacent downwind countries like Pakistan. This paper compares the published transboundary air pollutant flows data of the most polluted countries (Mongolia, Botswana, Pakistan) with the cleanest ones (Estonia, Mauritius, Australia). Conclusions: Air pollution externality problem can only be solved either by regional cooperation or global environment law which yet does not exist. Drawing an analogy from water contamination laws, this work proposes an extension of the polluter-pays principle to transboundary air pollutants to compensate the public losses. We should collectively go for the international environmental law as we cannot divide air like land. Industrialization near the border may be banned to avoid air pollutant migrations to neighbors.

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“…A variation of the polluter-pays principle exists that has been adopted by a number of developing countries, including India, Malaysia, Taiwan, Ecuador, Chile, Costa Rica, Kenya, South Africa, and among others, where the government instead is directly responsible for payment and environmental monitoring. According to an assessment of the two strategies, government-pays regimes may be preferable in situations characterized by widespread poverty, high interest rates and judicial delays and uncertainty-however, there is a risk that local governments choose a level of monitoring that minimizes the financial exposure of the local government but does not fully internalize the costs as well as the benefits of the agents' care [47].…”

Section: Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Governance for Sustainable Remediation of Polluted Soil in Developing Countries

Haller¹,

Flores-Carmenate²,

Jönsson³

2020

Sustainability Concept in Developing Countries [Working Title]

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Environmental governance is a challenge for many developing countries, and soil pollution is typically overlooked by authorities in the Global South. Soil governance should protect people and environment from the hazards of pollution and promote sustainable remediation of polluted sites through legislation and soil policies that facilitate the use of appropriate technology. Today, however, the soil governance landscape is highly fragmented and often fails to adequately address these concerns. Combining soil remediation with profitable activities (alone or in combination) such as food and fiber production, biomass energy production, erosion control, carbon sequestration, favoring biodiversity, etc. is potentially an appropriate strategy to promote the decontamination of polluted agriculture soil in low-income countries. Many potential pitfalls follow such a strategy but decision support tools may provide insights from the latest scientific remediation findings to stakeholders in their exploration of policy options. This chapter explores challenges and opportunities for sustainable soil governance in developing countries.

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The rise and fall of the polluter-pays principle in developing countries

Cited by 69 publications

References 8 publications

Circular Economy and E-Waste: An Opportunity from RFID TAGs

Circular Economy and E-Waste: An Opportunity from RFID TAGs

Cooperative control of regional transboundary air pollutants

Governance for Sustainable Remediation of Polluted Soil in Developing Countries

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