“…Several previous studies that discussed crowdfunding were (Agrawal et al, 2010;Hemer, 2011;Mollick, 2014;Fenwick et al, 2018;Muneeza et al, 2018;Brand, 2021) and (Eldrigde et al, 2021;Mollick, 2014) mentions crowdfunding as one of the efforts made by individuals and groups of entrepreneurial, cultural, social, and non-profit organizations to fund their businesses by utilizing small contributions from several individuals who use the internet, and without financial intermediaries. Since crowdfunding platforms first appeared online, they immediately became a concern and a new way to raise funds for new ventures (Lambert, 2022). Initially, crowdfunding was only used to fund artistic projects (Agrawal et al, 2010), but quickly expanded to other sectors, such as technology, knowledge-based startups, and new product development (Hemer, 2011).…”