The rising trend of papillary carcinoma in thyroidectomies: 14-years of experience in a referral center of Turkey

Abstract

BackgroundDuring the past 25 years, the incidence of thyroid papillary carcinoma (TPC), especially the micropapillary subtype, has been increasing in different countries worldwide. The rise in the rate of thyroid malignancies were also determined in Turkey in the last two decades. This fact was attributed to the Chernobyl accident because Turkey is one of the affected countries by the radioactive fallout. The aim of this study was to assess the changes in the parameters of the thyroid and put forth the reasons in a 14-year period.MethodsThe patient records, demographic and malignancy characteristics, and operations of 1,585 patients who had a thyroidectomy from 1996 to 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. The study was divided in two equal time periods for comparison of data.ResultsA total of 216 thyroid carcinomas (13.6%) were diagnosed in the study period. There was a significant increase in the frequency of papillary (P <0.023) and micropapillary (P <0.001) carcinomas when the two different time periods were compared. The rate of follicular, medullary and other types of malignancies did not change. In the second period (2003 to 2009) of analysis, the rate of micropapillary carcinoma (P = 0.001) and within male (P = 0.031) and female (P <0.001) genders, application of total thyroidectomy (p = 0.029), and multicentric disease (P = 0.015) increased significantly. A slight decrease in the mean age of the whole number of patients and patients with papillary and micropapillary carcinomas (P >0.05) was observed. The increased number of TPC >10 mm was insignificant. Geographic region and age specific malignancy increase was not determined.ConclusionsMicropapillary carcinoma has become a dominant type of thyroid malignancy in Turkey. The main reasons of this transition were mandatory iodization and much higher application of total thyroidectomy in surgery. Improvement in healthcare and diagnostic techniques are the complementary factors. Due to its lack of molecular and genetic basis from the perspective of thyroid cancer, the Chernobyl disaster has lost its importance in Turkey.

Histopathological Study of Thyroid Neoplastic Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A 5 Year Study

“…12,19,20 Our results are consistent with the international remote and recent data regarding the pattern and frequency of neoplastic diseases of thyroid, including the predominance of papillary carcinoma. Our finding regarding increased trend of papillary carcinoma diagnosis among malignant thyroid tumors is also consistent with that of Yang et al (2013), Yildiz et al (2014) and Amphlett et al (2013). [21][22][23] Follicular adenoma was the commonest benign thyroid neoplasms in our study accounting for 78.18% of benign neoplasms which is in accordance with Ariyibi et al (2013) who found 89.5% cases to be follicular adenomas.…”

“…Our finding regarding increased trend of papillary carcinoma diagnosis among malignant thyroid tumors is also consistent with that of Yang et al (2013), Yildiz et al (2014) and Amphlett et al (2013). [21][22][23] Follicular adenoma was the commonest benign thyroid neoplasms in our study accounting for 78.18% of benign neoplasms which is in accordance with Ariyibi et al (2013) who found 89.5% cases to be follicular adenomas. 24…”

Histopathological Patterns of Thyroid Disease in Al-Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia

“…They concluded that among all the pathological types of thyroid cancer, the proportion of papillary carcinoma has risen from 51.55% (50/97) in 1995 to 87.63% (673/768) in 2010. Similarly in a recent study from Turkey, Yildiz et al (2014), report 216 thyroid carcinoma which account for 13.6% of their thyroidectomies and concluded that there is a significant increase in the frequency of papillary and micropapillary carcinoma while comparing their two study periods. Within the KSA, Hussain et al (2013), from Riyadh report that a total of 2292 patients with thyroid cancer were treated from 2000 to 2010.…”

“…Amphlett et al (2013), observed the recent trends in the incidence, geographical distribution, and survival from thyroid cancer in Wales. From Turkey, Veyseller et al (2009), looked into thyroidectomies for benign diseases, while Yildiz et al (2014), studied the rising trends of papillary carcinoma of thyroid. Recent registry based studies are also available from Finland (Hakala et al, 2012) and Switzerland (Rapiti et al, 2014).…”

Distribution of Cancer Cases Between January 01, 2014 and December 30, 2016 in Çorum City, Turkey

“…The increase in the frequency of thyroid cancer could be attributable to several different reasons in the case of Turkey: the Chernobyl nuclear accident, mandatory iodization for endemic iodine deficiency, increased diagnostic scrutiny, strict pathologic investigation, and changing surgical techniques. [13] In our study, thyroid cancer is the third most common cancer in females and 11 most common in males. This result is similar to that reported by Baş et al [14] and İzmirli et al [9] and is also consistent with the data of the Turkish Cancer Department (Türkiye Kanser Daire Başkanlığı).…”