The Rising Trend of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among HIV-Infected Persons

Chen, Yen‐Chin; Liu, Hsiao Ying; Li, Chung‐Yi; Lee, Nan-Yao; Li, Chia‐Wen; Ko, Wen-Chien; Ko, Nai Ying

doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000000477

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In our study like many previous reports, prevalence of HIV and STI was more in males than in females and unemployment had a significant role in this regard. The association between HIV and STI has also been reported by Chen et al and Sexton et al (3, 4). Zetola et al studied 36 males with acute HIV infection who had sex with males (MSM).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…There are at least 20 different STIs. Some of the most common STIs include chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhea, hepatitis B, syphilis, trichomoniasis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS (3-6). Having other STIs, such as genital herpes, can increase the risk of HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this time, the person becomes susceptible to life-threatening infections. These infections, which occur with AIDS, are called opportunistic infections (OI) (1, 3). Most commonly, HIV infection is transmitted through sex with an infected partner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among transmission routes, sexual intercourse is the most common way and during sex other STIs can be transmitted to the other partner when the index case is infected by such STIs. Also, individuals who have a sexually transmitted infection, such as syphilis, human Papillomavirus (HPV), genital herpes, chlamydia, gonorrhea, or bacterial vaginosis, are more likely (sometime 10-fold) to acquire HIV infection during sex with an infected partner (3-15). In contrast, genital ulcer diseases such as syphilis, chancroid and genital herpes are primarily transmitted through contact with infected mucosal surfaces or infected skin (3, 8, 9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is important to identify co-infection or comorbidity in patients with HIV/AIDS. There are many reports, which explain the impact of HIV on STIs, and STIs on HIV infection (3-22). Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of co-infection of HIV/AIDS and STIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Hashemi-Shahri

Sharifi-Mood

Kouhpayeh

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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BackgroundStudies show that nearly 40 million people are living with human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) around the world and since the beginning of the epidemic, about 35 million have died from AIDS. Heterosexual intercourse is the most common route for transmission of HIV infection (85%). People with a sexually transmitted infection (STI), such as syphilis, genital herpes, chancroid, or bacterial vaginosis, are more likely to obtain HIV infection during sex. On the other hand, a patient with HIV can acquire other infections such as hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and also STIs. Co-infections and co-morbidities can affect the treatment route of patients with HIV/AIDs. Sometimes, physicians should treat these infections before treating the HIV infection. Therefore, it is important to identify co-infection or comorbidity in patients with HIV/AIDS.ObjectivesThis study was conducted in order to understand the prevalence of HIV/AIDS/STI co-infection.Patients and MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we evaluated all HIV/AIDS patients who were admitted to the infectious wards of Boo-Ali hospital (Southeastern Iran) between March 2000 and January 2015. All HIV/AIDS patients were studied for sexually transmitted infections (STI) such as syphilis, gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and genital herpes. A questionnaire including data on age, sex, job, history of vaccination against HBV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), HCV-Ab, venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA-Abs) test, and urine culture was designed. Data was analyzed by the Chi square test and P values of < 0.05 were considered significant.ResultsAmong the 41 patients with HIV/AIDS (11 females and 30 males; with age range of 18 to 69 years) five cases (12.1%) had a positive test (1:8 or more) for VDRL. The FTA-Abs was positive for all patients who were positive for VDRL. Gonorrhea was found in seven patients (17%) and three cases had genital herpes in clinical examinations. All patients who had positive test results for these STIs were male. Eleven patients (26.8%) had HBV infection (three females and eight males). hepatitis C virus (HCV) was found in 13 cases (31%). Eighty percent of patients were unemployed. Seventy-eight percent of patients with HIV/STI were aged between 18 and 38 years. There was a significant difference between sex and becoming infected with HIV and also STI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPatients with HIV/AIDS are more likely to acquire other STIs, because the same behaviors that increase the risk of becoming HIV infected can also increase the risk of acquiring STIs. Having a sore on the skin due to an STI can make the transmission of HIV to the sex partner more likely than people who don’t have such sore in their genital area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Hashemi-Shahri

Sharifi-Mood

Kouhpayeh

et al. 2016

Int J High Risk Behav Addict

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The worldwide spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, Taiwan

Chiou¹,

Izumiya

Kawamura

et al. 2016

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Ciprofloxacin-resistant shigellosis outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) have not been reported in Asia. During 3 March to 6 May 2015, the Notifiable Disease Surveillance System detected nine non-imported Shigella sonnei infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected Taiwanese MSM. We conducted a molecular epidemiological investigation using a 1 : 5 matched case-control study and laboratory characterizations for the isolates. Of the nine patients, four reported engagement in oral-anal sex before illness onset. Shigellosis was associated with a syphilis report within 12 months (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 8.6; 95% CI 1.05-70.3) and no HIV outpatient follow-up within 12 months (aOR 22.3; 95% CI 2.5-201). Shigella sonnei isolates from the nine patients were all ciprofloxacin-resistant and the resistance was associated with S83L and D87G mutations in gyrA and S80I mutation in parC. The nine outbreak isolates were discriminated into two closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotypes and seven 8-locus multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA8) types that suggest multiple sources of infections for the outbreak and possible under-recognition of infection among Taiwanese MSM. The outbreak isolates were characterized to be variants of the intercontinentally transmitted SS18.1 clone, which falls into the globally prevalent phylogenetic sub-lineage IIIb. Inter-database pattern similarity searching indicated that the two PFGE genotypes had emerged in the USA and Japan. The epidemiological characteristics of this outbreak suggest roles of risky sexual behaviours or networks in S. sonnei transmission. We urge enhanced surveillance and risk-reduction interventions regionally against the interplay of HIV and shigellosis among MSM.

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The clinical and laboratory features of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients

Wang

Liu²,

Shen³

et al. 2018

Medicine

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Neurosyphilis (NS) is an important component of central nervous system diseases among HIV-infected patients. However, its characteristics are not very clear. A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory findings was performed in 92 NS patients with HIV infection from a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. The patients had a median age of 38 years and a median CD4 count of 198 cells/μL. In all, 44.6% (41/92) were diagnosed as asymptomatic NS (ANS), 23.9% (22/92) as syphilitic meningitis, 17.4% (16/92) as cerebrovascular NS, and 14.1% (13/92) as parenchymal syphilis. A quarter of patients (23/92) complicated with ocular syphilis (OS), 60.9% (14/23) of which were ANS. The serum tolulized red unheated serum test (TRUST) titers were ≤1:8 in 15 patients (16.3%), 1:16–1:128 in 51 patients (55.4%), and ≥1:256 in 26 patients (28.3%). Sixty-nine patients (75.0%) had both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) TRUST and Treponema pallidum particle assay reactive. CSF pleocytosis and protein elevation were found in 58.7% and 53.3% of patients, respectively. Syphilitic meningitis was more likely to present with CSF pleocytosis than ANS (P = .001), cerebrovascular NS (P < .001), and parenchymal NS (P < .001). The proportion of patients with CSF elevated protein was lower in ANS group than that in syphilitic meningitis (P = .003), cerebrovascular NS (P = .001), and parenchymal NS groups (P = .025), and was higher in sero-TRUST titers ≤1:8 group than that in 1:16–1:128 (P = .01) and 1:256–1:1024 groups (P = .005).This study revealed that ANS was the most common clinical type of NS in HIV-infected patients, which should be considered in HIV and syphilis co-infection patients without neurologic symptoms, especially in those with OS. Different patterns of NS might have different CSF features which may also vary with sero-TRUST titers.

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The Rising Trend of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among HIV-Infected Persons

Abstract: An increase in STIs among HIV-positive persons highlights the need to identify the causal factors of these co-infections. Routine STI screenings and early preventive interventions against STIs in HIV-infected persons are crucial.

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Hospitalized Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in Zahedan, Southeastern Iran

The worldwide spread of ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among HIV-infected men who have sex with men, Taiwan

The clinical and laboratory features of neurosyphilis in HIV-infected patients

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