The present study is an analysis of appropriateness of antibiotics use for patients in whom infectious agent was detected. Data from patients in orthopedics and traumatology department of 2 hospitals in the same district were evaluated according to rational antibiotic drug use guidelines and culture antibiogram results. Methods: Data of patients diagnosed with infection between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015 in orthopedics and traumatology department of 2 different hospitals were analyzed. Patients diagnosed with malignancy or who were discharged from other departments were excluded. A standard form was used to collect demographic data, culture antibiogram results, details of infectious agent, source of culture material, posology of antibiotic used, duration and appropriateness of use, and length of hospital stay. Costs were estimated based on number of units used and price per unit according to 2014 Ministry of Health price list. Mean price of antibiotics used per patient was calculated and descriptive analyses were also completed. Results: It was determined that appropriate antibiotics for detected infectious agent were not always selected. Though there were effective, less expensive antibiotics that could have been used according to antibiogram results, more expensive antibiotics were often chosen, resulting in greater total cost. Conclusion: Multidisciplinary approach in patient care and use of evidence-based guidelines should be increased. Teams should be formed and led by infectious disease and pharmacology specialists. New strategies should be developed immediately in health economics and new pharmacoeconomic models should be initiated in orthopedics and traumatology departments.